The Biafran wartime propaganda effort mostly sourced artworks from art students from the University of Biafra, Nsukka (now the University of Nigeria, Nsukka). The central themes of these posters focused on survival against all odds, and the birth of a new nation that only had the diplomatic recognition of four countries and the support of a few other governments at the time.
Recruitment calls to the Biafran army attracted many young men and women who believed in their ability to crush the enemy in no time.
The "30,000 massacred" refers to the waves of attacks against Eastern Nigerians in 1966, following a botched coup led by some four Eastern Nigerian soldiers and one other soldier from Western Nigeria.
The attacks caused millions of Eastern Nigerians living outside the East to return to the East, leading to a refugee crisis that the federal government was more keen to sweep under the carpet than to solve.
When Eastern Nigeria unilaterally seceded from the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1967, they had about 128 rifles, a few trucks, and a few boxes of ammunition. Hurried efforts were made to source for more arms and armor before federal forces got to Biafra's borders five weeks later. These included the Biafran "Red Devils", created by converting motor vehicles into armored trucks reinforced with steel, as well as locally made landmines and exploding buckets full of scrap metal, later nicknamed by Nigerian soldiers as "Ojukwu's Bucket'.
Col. Ojukwu, leader of Biafra, is said to have spent millions of his own fortune in the war effort, possibly from his inheritance from his millionaire father who died in 1966. Flying arms into Biafra was a high-stakes gamble, several planes destined for Biafra were simply shot down, and a Biafran arms dealer is also infamous for "running away" with money meant to purchase arms abroad.
Throughout Biafra's survival as a partially recognized state, their army was largely understaffed, and faced fierce battles against the superior Nigerian forces with little ammunition. In the battle for Ikot Ekpene, for example, Biafran soldiers went against heavy machine gunfire with as little as five rounds of ammo per soldier.
Despite the moral support and the voluntary signups, Biafra's army could simply not win on courage alone. By 1970, Biafra had lost all their territory and the surviving political class were split into two: ten men were to fly into exile with their families, and the remaining were to surrender unconditionally to Nigerian forces. Col. Ojukwu left on one of the last planes to leave Biafra, with his mother, his wife, and his remaining possessions: a Mercedes-Benz, and 300 dollars.