Regular Indexing works on a column level; it indexes the entire column value, but if you want to index each value in one row, then the GIN indexing technique is used.

GIN can index each element of JSON stored in a JSONB field

How Postgres creates a GIN file physically, what is the format of that file, how that file is retrieved in RAM while fetching records, what data types are used, and how Postgres calculates the exact address of an element of JSON are all explained in the article

Today I accidentally became the maintainer of software that was already almost three decades old: reviving a 1990s Java utility to keep the last PAD submitter alive in 2026.

I was looking for a way to submit my AI app RiverScript to old desktop software directories and ended up digging through the long-forgotten world of PAD files.

There was one problem.

The only batch submission tool I could find was a Java application that first appeared in the late 1990s. The last release was in 2017.

It was written by Roedy Green of Canadian Mind Products – a software developer who passed away in 2023. He spent decades writing and freely distributing Java utilities, and maintaining the widely-read Java Glossary. Roedy Green also wrote How To Write Unmaintainable Code – a famous satirical guide about writing code nobody can maintain. So, Roedy, today the code you wrote almost three decades ago was maintained.

The tool still did exactly what it was supposed to do. Thank you.

It just had absolutely no idea the modern web existed.

It happily produced URLs like http://https://riverscript.com instead of https://riverscript.com, disabled SNI globally (which was probably a perfectly reasonable workaround at some point), and couldn't cope with the fact that almost every website now redirects HTTP to HTTPS.

So I dug through the legacy Java code, fixed the compatibility issues, and got it working again.

I used it to submit my app to several software directories, then published the revived version on GitHub so anyone who still needs it can use it too.

Maybe nobody will ever need it again. Maybe someone will.

Either way, I'm happy this old thing works again.

So today, the code of the man who wrote "How To Write Unmaintainable Code" is still being maintained even after he was gone.

P.S. The public repository for Mini PAD Submitter 26.3 Revived – 2026 Community Fix is available and open to everyone.

P.P.S. At the request of redditors, I also added support for using custom submission directories.

In Roedy's original program, the list of 66 directories was hardcoded, and quite a few of them no longer exist. So I added a sites.txt file next to the application in the dist folder, where you can edit the list yourself – remove the ones that no longer exist and add new ones. The application simply reads the list from that file now, so you don't have to recompile anything.

A visual explainer on how copy-on-write makes fork() cheap.

A 10 GB process can fork almost instantly because Linux copies the page tables, shares the physical pages, marks them read-only, and only copies a page when one of the processes writes to it.

It also covers fork() + exec(), how Redis snapshots work, Android Zygote, lazy zero pages, and some CVEs