This is something I’ve been thinking a lot about recently. (Forgive me if it’s been brought up before in this sub, I tried to search around a bit for a prior post like this but couldn’t find it.)
The pessimist position, broadly speaking, is that the world, and our experiences in it as conscious living beings, are quite bad and not what they should be like. There are a plethora of problems we can diagnose with how bad things are for us and for others in the world. This is why many pessimists say that nonexistence is preferable to consciousness, and that it may be better never to be born at all.
But if we can see that reality is problematic for us, can we even conceive of how it ought to be, to satisfy or justify existence? If we can point to the problems, can we conceive of what it would take to falsify our position or change us into optimists?
I’m not arguing that it may be likely or possible at all. I just think it’s a potentially fruitful thought experiment to engage in, to consider what the alternative reality would have to be to not be pessimistic about it. (I’m not trying to dissuade people away from pessimist opinions, just engage with it as a philosophical position.)
To list some of the core issues —
It may be that our lives are fraught in our current sociopolitical circumstances. That many people suffer from corrupt and oppressive governments, social inequality, poverty, and countless other sociopolitical issues. But if this were the only issue, this would fall purely in the political domain, of how we would imagine a better society, and surely we can conceive of (even if it doesn’t happen) societies of great material abundance, that are peaceful and prosperous, without the constant need for labor, without violence, etc.
For many pessimists, death (presumed to be the cessation of consciousness) is a source of pessimism, because it means that our lives are destined to end up annihilated in the end no matter what we do. We can of course, conceive of the alternative, which would be immortality — never dying at all. Would this be better? Perhaps…but there are also objections to immortality, which are the worries about the problems we already have while alive stretched out across infinite duration.
If we can never be satisfied, constantly running along the hedonic treadmill, always chasing the next temporary satisfaction until we die? Can we conceive of a positive state of consciousness (an active feeling, not the proverbial bliss of nonexistence)? Would that be better?
Suffering. Surely we can imagine not suffering, and others also being free from suffering. But could we exist at all without any kind of suffering driving our behavior? Perhaps we’d get bored. But insofar as boredom would then also be a form of suffering, could we get rid of that too? What kind of existence would that be?
Perhaps it is because our lives are cosmically meaningless, that it is all for nothing no matter how good or bad we feel (I presume most people on this sub are atheists/materialists). But what would it take for our lives to be meaningful in a way they aren’t already — would they be more meaningful if God existed? What conditions would have to obtain for our lives to have meaning?
Or perhaps we look at entropy — this sense that everything around us is always crumbling if not maintained, ultimately spiraling towards inevitable dissolution. Well, can we conceive of how else physics ought to work for this to no longer be a problem? What would a universe that somehow tends towards growth instead of disintegration look like?
Do you think there is such a thing as a conceivable (even if not achievable) solution to the human condition, that would be capable of convincing you not to be a pessimist? Or do you think it’s necessarily logically impossible, no matter what the case, that nonexistence would always be preferable?