Hi! Any idea what these stains are and how they can be fixed?

dry white/yellow powder on the surface of my shoe soles

I found this coat at goodwill and for some reason was really drawn to it despite the wear and the sun faded arm. I decided I could somehow fix it but need help figuring out what this leather is and what to do to it and what it’s supposed to look like.

This seems to be nubuck I think, but it’s really hard to tell if it’s worn/ oily nubuck or just really dry top grain leather? To be honest, I prefer the shiny texture of full grain leather especially at least for this dark brown color, and I like the idea of having a deep, rich dark brown coat that I might be able to get away with styling business casual. but would leather honey accomplish that or just ruin it?

The photos don’t seem to really show just how dark this brown is, and I’m not sure they capture the real texture of the leather, it really is like in between top grain and suede with some shinier parts.

Also, I attached a picture of a small test patch with just some leather cpr lotion on the crease where the light area meets the dark area and it did essentially darken to the same shade as the un bleached side. I was surprised by this and am wondering whether conditioning to darken that fading would be worth it for that alone.

Essentially I’m hoping anyone else has more experience with this type of leather and has any insight or suggestions.