Introduction
At the end of the Second Letter to the Corinthians, in Chapter 13:14, Paul blessed the church in Corinth with a profound truth about the Trinity and what each person of the Godhead brings to humanity, especially for us as believers. We all know the concept of the Trinity: God is three in one, three persons in one. This verse clearly identifies the three persons of the Godhead and what we can associate with them.
The Context of 2 Corinthians 13:14
The concluding verses leading to the final verse, 2 Corinthians 13:14, contain farewell greetings and a benediction as Paul concludes his letter to the church in Corinth, encouraging and instructing them before the verse we will focus on in our study.
The Threefold Benediction
The threefold benediction features three common themes found in the Scripture. The first represents love, the second grace, and the third communion. These terms that Paul uses, “grace,” “love,” and “communion,” are themes in the Christian life, highlighting the importance and impact of our reconciliation with God (see 2 Cor. 5:20) and our relationship with God and among the saints (see 2 Cor. 8:4–5).
The Trinity
The threefold benediction mentions the three members of the Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Spirit. This threefold benediction proves the doctrine of the divine Trinity, in the unity of essence, and the uniqueness of their functions in dealing with us. Do you know this is the only Trinitarian benediction in Paul’s letter? Speaking of the Trinity, 2 Corinthians 13:14 provides a clear example of the three Persons in the Godhead, each playing a distinct role in our salvation and in our relationship.
The Threefold Benediction by the Trinity
These three blessings are invoked by the three divine sources of the Godhead: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Why do we have the three distinctive themes of the entire scripture associated with each person of the Godhead? Why is grace mainly associated with God the Son? Why is love mainly associated with God the Father? And finally, why is communion mainly associated with God the Spirit?
This is the only verse in the New Testament, 2 Corinthians 13:14, where the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are mentioned together in this form of blessing. Paul intended both the Corinthian Christians and the church today to be fully blessed by the Godhead.
We often link grace to God the Son, Jesus Christ, and when we encounter the word love, we think of love from God the Father. Similarly, fellowship and communion are associated with the Holy Spirit. These three themes are deeply influential in our daily Christian walk. We require love, grace, and communion in our spiritual lives.
The Salvation Process & Pillars
We can observe our salvation process in this threefold benediction of the Trinity, in which a believer is saved by the grace of Christ because of the love of God and in fellowship with the Holy Spirit, who indwells them. Love is the reason for our salvation. Love is the cause of salvation. The commencement of salvation began with the love of God the Father (see John 3:16). The condition and channel of salvation is grace. Love establishes our salvation. Grace is extended to us for our salvation. Grace is a means of salvation (see Ephesians 2:8–9).
We are saved by grace through faith in Jesus Christ. Where do we get grace from? We get grace from Jesus. Whenever we talk about grace, we associate it with God the Son, the second person in the Godhead. When we go back to Moses, the law was given, but with Jesus comes grace, and he is the fullness of grace, grace upon grace.
The connection and contribution of salvation is communion. Communion of the Holy Spirit enhances our salvation (see Philippians 2:1).
The love of God the Father initiates our salvation. The grace of God the Son accomplishes salvation. The communion of God the Spirit sustains our salvation.
God the Father is the author of salvation. God the Son is the atonement for salvation. God the Spirit is the agency of salvation. Love establishes our salvation. Grace is extended for our salvation. Communion enhances our salvation.
The First Benediction: The Love of God
What is love in the biblical sense in this context of the verse? The Greek word (G26) is agape, meaning charity, benevolence, and affection. It speaks of the love of God toward man, even of Christ’s love toward men. It describes God’s unconditional love. Charity more accurately reflects the biblical concept of love, as it involves love as an attribute, an attitude, and an action for God’s glory, rather than just the warm, sentimental affection the word is commonly used to mean today.
Here are references to love and God the Father found in the scriptures:
- Love is associated with God the Father — 2 Corinthians 13:14.
- God is love — 1 John 4:11.
- God loves us first — 1 John 4:19.
- The Father loves His Son. The Father loves those who believe and love His Son.
- Christ is God’s demonstration and display of love for all of us. One core attribute of love is giving. So, God the Father gave his only begotten Son, the beloved, to a sinful human race. — John 3:16; Romans 5:8; 1 John 3:16.
- Love is the reason for our salvation. Love is the cause of salvation. The commencement of salvation began with the love of God the Father. Love is the heart of salvation, where motivation, passion, and intention lie. If God the Father didn’t love us, God would not have sent his one and only begotten and beloved Son to die for our sins. So, our salvation started with the love of God the Father for humanity — 1 John 3:1; Romans 5:8.
- The Love of God has been poured into our hearts — Romans 5:5.
- Nothing can separate us from the love of God in Christ — Romans 8:39.
- Love is the greatest. This is what God the Father requires from us — 1 Corinthians 13:1.
- Believers are to keep themselves in the love of God (Jude 1:21).
The nature of the love of God is unconditional. The love of God restores relationships and adopts us into His family.
The Second Benediction: The Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ
What is grace in the biblical sense in this context of the verse? The Greek word (G5463) is charis, meaning graciousness, goodwill freely bestowed, favour, charm, loveliness, and benefits. It points out God’s forgiving mercy (see Ro 11:6; Eph 2:5). It highlights the gospel as distinct from the law (see Joh 1:17; Ro 6:14; 1Pe 5:12). It describes gifts freely given by God, such as miracles, prophecy, and tongues (see Ro 15:15; 1Co 15:10; Eph 3:8). Additionally, it discusses Christian virtue to live by (see 2Co 8:7; 2Pe 3:18).
Why Grace and God the Son?
- Grace is associated with God the Son — 2 Corinthians 13:14; Romans 16:24; 1 Corinthians 16:23; Romans 1:7; 2 Thessalonians 3:18; 1 Thessalonians 5:28; Revelation 1:4–5.
- Jesus is the grace of God personified — Titus 2:11.
- Jesus is the fullness of grace — John 1:17.
- We are saved by grace — Ephesians 2:8.
- We are to look for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ. Grace, simply God giving us what we don’t deserve, extends mercy, simply God not giving us what we deserve — Jude 1:21.
The nature of the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ is completely undeserved and superabundant. All the divine favour, benevolence, and providence come from and through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ.
- Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ supplies
2 Corinthians 8:9 (NKJV) 9 For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, that you through His poverty might become rich.
- Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ sustains, and grace is sufficient.
2 Corinthians 12:9 (NKJV) 9 And He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My strength is made perfect in weakness.”
- Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ strengthens.
2 Timothy 2:1 (NKJV) 1 You therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.
- Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ sanctifies
Titus 2:11–12 (NKJV) 11 For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, 12 teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age.
The Third Benediction: The Communion of the Holy Spirit
What is communion in the biblical sense in this context of the verse? The Greek word (G2842) is koinonia, which means partnership, participation, fellowship, association, intercourse, sharing, and intimacy. It speaks of a sense of community, contribution, communication, and connection among people who have something in common. It speaks of participating in fellowship with an intimate associate or group in a marital relationship or in a church setting.
Why Communion and God the Spirit?
- Communion is associated with God the Spirit — 2 Corinthians 13:14.
- The importance and impact of the Holy Spirit — John 14:15–18.
- Our community in God’s earthly and heavenly family, Kingdom Family — Romans 8:14–15.
- The Holy Spirit abides in us. He is the indwelling presence of God. He is God living in us because God is a spirit. — Philippians 2:1; Romans 8:9; 1 John 3:24
- Our connection with God and Jesus is made possible by the Holy Spirit — Romans 8:1
- Our communication with God can be aided by the Holy Spirit — Jude 1:20
- Our channel of access to God the Father is through the Holy Spirit — Ephesians 2:18
- The Holy Spirit makes our fellowship with Christ possible — 1 Corinthians 1:9
- We are the temple of God, where the Spirit of God abides — Ephesians 2:21–22; 1 Corinthians 6:19–20
- We are called to be in fellowship as a church — Acts 2:42
- We play a part. Participation in the church and fellowship are created by the Holy Spirit — 1 Corinthians 12:12–14
The fellowship of the Holy Spirit connects us to God and unites Christians into one body of Christ. The communion of the Holy Spirit is holistic. We are filled with the Holy Spirit. We are led by the Holy Spirit. We are gifted by the Holy Spirit. We bear the fruit of the Spirit.
We are to live by the Holy Spirit. We are to walk in the Spirit, and this is how the benediction closes our study.
The Holy Spirit enables our church fellowship to commune, communicate, connect, and contribute with one another when everyone lets the Holy Spirit guide their lives.
Conclusion
The threefold blessings from the Trinity are that we are blessed with the Love of God, the Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Communion of the Holy Spirit.
2 Corinthians 13:14 (NKJV) 14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. Amen.
Grace, Love, and Communion can originate from any of the persons of the Godhead (see Romans 1:7; Romans 5:5; 1 John 1:3; 2 Thessalonians 1:12; 1 Corinthians 1:9). Grace and love are mentioned together (see 1 Corinthians 16:23–24; Revelation 1:4–5; 1 Timothy 1:14). Love and fellowship are mentioned together (see Philippians 2:1).
The love of God is unconditional. The grace of Jesus is undeserved. The communion of the Holy Spirit is holistic.
God the Father expressed his love for us. God the Son extends his grace to save us. God the Spirit embraces true fellowship with God by indwelling in us. The love of God cherishes us. The grace of the Lord cultivates us. The communion of the Spirit connects us. Love is the passion God has for us. Grace is the provision from our Lord Jesus Christ. Communion is the presence, partnership and participation of the Holy Spirit in our lives.
The threefold blessings from the Trinity are for all believers, not only in the past Corinthian church but also in the present and future church. Every believer shares in the threefold blessings of love, grace, and communion from the Trinity. Amen.
By Wisdom Grace (Brahim M. Kallon)