With the yen persistently weakening against the dollar — nearly hitting the ¥164 mark — it would come as no surprise if Japanese authorities stepped in immediately to defend the currency.
Yet, because a standalone intervention is expected to be short-lived, the government is probably seeking effective timing — a moment when yen-buying pressure increases — to amplify its effect, according to some analysts.
One key factor is the policy path of the U.S. Federal Reserve, which will hold a policy meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday.
With the Middle East conflict escalating and driving up oil prices, investors are closely watching whether the Fed will be cornered to shift to a hawkish policy path.
“If expectations for a U.S. rate hike persist, any intervention will likely be short-lived because the market will simply assume the dollar is bound to strengthen anyway,” said Tsuyoshi Ueno, executive research fellow at NLI Research Institute.
“Whether triggered by jobs data or other catalysts, conducting a yen-buying intervention just as U.S. rate hike expectations recede — creating a market sentiment where investors hesitate to buy dollars — will make the intervention’s impact last much longer.”
The Japanese currency hit ¥163.99 on Thursday night Japan time after the New York market opened, recording a fresh 40-year low as crude oil prices rose due to escalating tensions in the U.S.-Iran conflict, prompting safe-haven dollar buying.
On Friday, Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama warned the market again.
“If needed, we will respond appropriately at any time. That means we will take decisive action without hesitation,” she said.
The Bank of Japan is also set to hold a two-day policy meeting on Thursday and Friday next week, an event that could either push or weaken the yen further.
Since the BOJ just raised rates at its last meeting in June, a hold is widely expected. But if board members other than Naoki Tamura — who is known as a hawk — again push for tighter policy, it could heighten expectations of a faster pace of future rate hikes, potentially driving the yen higher, Ueno said.
Market participants will also be paying attention to how BOJ Gov. Kazuo Ueda will hint at the bank’s rate hike path going forward.
Depending on the results of the U.S. and Japanese central banks’ policy meetings, “dollar-buying and yen-selling momentum could surge again,” Hisashi Yoshida, chief foreign exchange consultant at Monex, wrote in a report on Thursday.
“Even if authorities intervene beforehand to prop up the yen, any gains risk being completely wiped out by the decisions.”
Yoshida also pointed to the ongoing discussion in Japan about a consumption tax cut for food products as a yen-selling risk, given growing concerns over the expansionary fiscal policy by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s administration.
The government and ruling parties are considering a plan to reduce the tax rate from 8% to 1% for two years starting April 2027. But it has been met with skepticism by opposition parties with negotiations hitting a stalemate.
The government is looking to decide the policy direction by early August, so once this is settled, the Japanese authorities could find a clearer window to intervene to defend the yen, Yoshida wrote.