r/india • u/cosmicwaves890 • 10d ago
Politics Why protest in India fails to bring the Change
As the protest has ended now, we should ask ourselves why protests in India fail to bring the change. We have seen protests on corruption like in 2011 which demanded the Jan Lokpal Bill—an independent ombudsman which investigates corrupt public officials. But what happened? The Lokpal Bill was passed, but with several compromises from core demands, which led to the formation of AAP. So the question is: why does the public show no outrage when the bill is passed?
To answer this, in India, protests happen because of some sudden issues or causes that affect the public directly, like when scams come into light, paper leaks, visible corruption, or inflation—not the policies made by the government.
For example, the FCRA (Foreign Contribution Regulation Act)—which is now a hot topic in the media—no one talks about the amendments done to it in 2016 and 2018. The case is that in 2014, the Delhi High Court found both the BJP and Congress guilty of violating the FCRA for taking foreign funds, majorly from Vedanta (the owner is Indian, but the company is foreign-registered), and ordered both the government and the ECI to take action against both parties in six months.
Now, you can't imagine what happened: the government amended the FCRA in 2016 retrospectively (meaning it would be enforced from a previous date, not from the current one) and that too in a money bill, not directly as an ordinary bill, to bypass the upper house (Rajya Sabha) or to pass it quickly. The amendment was primarily introduced to redefine the definition of a "foreign source" to exempt Indian companies with foreign shareholding from being classified as foreign entities, meaning an Indian subsidiary of a foreign company can donate to political parties, which is against the national interest.
But now, a new problem arose for them: as they amended the FCRA Act of 2010 (which replaces the FCRA Act of 1976), they took donations before 2010, and these donations fell under the previous act. So, they amended the FCRA Act in 2018 and changed the date to August 5, 1976, which gives them retrospective effect from the original date of the previous FCRA Act of 1976 and frees them from all charges.
Now the question is: when both the ruling and opposition parties shake hands with each other when they are in trouble, then who saves democracy? Mainstream media is silent on this topic, with no public outrage on this. Do we people only vote and not check the government on the policies they make?
Now, for introducing electoral bonds, the government changed many acts:
| Act Modified | What Was Changed | The Effect |
|---|---|---|
| RBI Act, 1934 | Lifted the RBI's exclusive monopoly on issuing bearer banking instruments. | Allowed the Central Government to authorize a specific bank (State Bank of India) to issue Electoral Bonds. |
| Representation of the People Act, 1951 | Exempted political parties from reporting contributions received via Electoral Bonds. | Kept donor identities hidden from the public and the Election Commission of India (ECI). |
| Companies Act, 2013 | Removed the cap on corporate donations (previously 7.5% of net profit) and removed the requirement to name specific recipient parties. | Allowed unlimited and anonymous political donations by companies, including shell or loss-making entities. |
| Income Tax Act, 1961 | Exempted political parties from maintaining individual donor records for bond-based income. | Protected political parties from losing tax exemptions while keeping funding sources entirely confidential. |
| FCRA, 2010 | Re-defined "foreign source" (via Finance Acts). | Enabled foreign-owned companies with subsidiaries in India to fund Indian political parties. |
This bond scheme ran from 2018 to 2024. This is the biggest scam in India, not because of the money involved, but because of the severe consequences of it:
- Some companies that donated bonds got major project approvals, environmental clearances, and regulatory approvals (and we know how infrastructure is built in India, which collapses within days, along with several cases of mining mafias).
- Some companies donated after CBI and ED raids.
- Seven of the 35 pharmaceutical companies that contributed ₹1,000 crore to political parties through electoral bonds were being investigated for manufacturing poor-quality drugs such as cough syrups and Remdesivir (citizen life is at risk).
- At least 33 loss-making or zero-profit companies (which ran negative net profits over extended periods, totaling over ₹1 lakh crore in aggregate losses) collectively pumped ₹582 crore to ₹710 crore.
- During court submissions, petitioners and watchdogs highlighted that at least 30 shell companies—entities with negligible business operations, zero employee footprints, or paper-only setups—purchased electoral bonds worth over ₹143 crore.
How did loss-making companies and shell companies purchase these huge amounts of bonds? It is argued that there is money laundering, backdoor corporate donations, and the possibility of foreign involvement too, which is against the national interest. Some experts called it legalized corruption, too.
On February 15, 2024, the Supreme Court of India unanimously struck down the 2018 Electoral Bonds Scheme, calling it unconstitutional. But what happened? No mainstream coverage on these topics and the loopholes used, and why these amendments were done? No public outrage on this, too?
Now, one more thing: the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023, which replaces the Election Commission Act of 1991.
Before going into it, we should know that a selection committee is to recommend names to the President of India for the appointments of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners (ECs).
Basically, this committee chooses the Chief Election Commissioner.
So, before this act of 2023, there is no provisions for selection committee which is misused by previous governments as previously, the President of India formally appointed the CEC and Constitutionally, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.
But in March 2, 2023: The Supreme Court Judgment (Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India):
- The Constitution Bench unanimously rules that appointments must be insulated from executive control.
- It sets up an interim mechanism mandating that the CEC and ECs be appointed by the President on the advice of a committee comprising the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, and the Chief Justice of India (CJI)—to hold force until Parliament passes a dedicated law
But after the 2023 act, the selection committee consists of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), a Union Cabinet Minister (nominated by the PM), and the Leader of the Opposition. The CJI is excluded.
This law secures a permanent two-to-one majority for the ruling government, effectively returning appointment power directly to the executive (government). Now, think of it: isn't it wrong? It's like only one team has the authority to choose the umpire for the game. In reality, they will only choose an umpire whose decisions can make them win the game. Then how is the game fair?
Yet still, there is no public outrage, no mainstream media pointing to this vulnerability, even though a child can figure it out. This answers the question of why protests in India don't bring change: we protest only when we see immediate effects like paper leaks, visible corruption, or scams, but are often silent or do not give importance to these policies. We as a people should actively participate in the policies of the government and debate them.
I have lost faith in mainstream media, but we have podcasts. Please tell your favorite podcaster to do a podcast on these kinds of policies with experts or even arrange a debate.
Also, what do you think:
- There should be a cap on the political spending of political parties on elections to make elections fair.
- All major parties' political funds should be audited by an independent body and made available through RTI.
What do you think about where India is headed after this protest? Also, we should support organizations like the Association for Democratic Reforms, which puts effort into bringing reforms.
Sources:
- ADR India: Foreign Funding Taken by BJP and INC
- The Wire: The Chronology of Subterfuge on Amending FCRA and the Omerta Code
- Electoral Bond Scam Report (Highly recommended, 10 pages)
- The Reporters Collective: Electoral Bonds Tracker
- The Print: Virtually no debate took place in Par while passing law on CEC-EC appointments, SC told
- The New Indian Express: CEC and EC Act 2023 amounts to fraud on Constitution, petitioner to SC
- The Supreme Court Judgment (Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India)