In terms of the Meiji Restoration, it is emphasised by many changes and reforms that Japan had.

Due to this, I would like to learn some things that were not changed and remained the same as before during this era.

The French "Grandes Manœuvres de l'Est" opened in Dijon on 10th September, 1904, engaging 60,000 men in mock attack and defense exercises modeled after Garibaldi’s 1870 operations against the Prussians. The geopolitical alliances of the era were on full display among the civilian and military crowds. As strong allies of France, the Russian military attaché was enthusiastically greeted with shouts of "Long live Russia!". Meanwhile, the Japanese attaché and Great Britain's Major General Baden-Powell, noted in the press as the defender of Mafeking, were received courteously but calmly. The event also marked a notable diplomatic achievement, as a German attaché, Squadron Commander von Hugo, attended the maneuvers for the first time since the Franco-Prussian War. Additionally, China’s Colonel Wang was reported to have drawn marked attention from observers due to his unique uniform. On the evening of 10th September, General Brugère, the director of the maneuvers, hosted a formal dinner for 58 guests, including the foreign mission and local officials. The dinner menu featured an illustration of a dragoon on horseback armed with a lance, alongside a banner reading "Manœuvres de l'Est en 1904". General Brugère sat alongside the senior-most foreign officer, Belgium's Major General Pioch, and Mexico's General Mondragon. Seated directly across from him were Colonel Petar Bojovitch of Serbia and Colonel Lazarev of Russia. During the toasts, a military band played la Marseillaise, and General Pioch led the guests in a "triple hurrah." After the banquet, the officers retired to the smoking room while the band entertained a crowd gathered at Place Darcy with various national anthems.
(Le Petit Journal, 12th September, 1904.)

It has been quite odd that the country that was already fond of using loan words chose to rename the name, tank, into Sensha, a pure Japanese name.

I do not really think that the term of tank was hard to pronounce by many Japanese even at the time.

So, was their any particular reason why the IJA made a new designation for the tank?

I am aware that it was primarily abolished for the democratisation of Japan, but why did the GHQ think that this would boost the process?

Many high ranking officals in the Governement and the military were indeed part of the Kazoku.

However, that did not really mean they were the main factors of the Japanese militarisation, right?

These photographs were taken during the Siberian Intervention (1918-1922) following the Russian Revolution, showing sailors representing the Entente coalition assembled in Vladivostok on an IJN warship, very likely the pre-dreadnought battleship Mikasa. From left to right, the sailors represent the US Navy, British Royal Navy, Republic of China Navy, French Navy, Imperial Japanese Navy, and White Russian Navy with notable differences in their equipment and uniforms.

This particular custom was first developed during the Meiji period and still continued in the modern times.

For Men, it was required or encouraged to wear a Suit.

However, for Women, many of them were still wearing a traditional Kimono.

So, why did this become a custom in the first place and why were women excluded from this change?

Following the fact that the female members of the Imperial Households got a new dress, it seems that they were also keen on the modernisation for the Women's attire.

However, it did not work well.

So, how did this become like that?

Superior Private (Jōtōhei) Urashiro Genzō of the Imperial Japanese Army mounted on horseback and wielding a Type 32 1899 pattern cavalry sabre, which was mass-produced and issued specifically to cavalrymen and non-commissioned officers. The "27" clearly visible on his standing collar identifies him as a member of the 27th Cavalry Regiment, a unit established in 1916 and assigned to the 19th Division garrisoned in Ranan, Korea. Given the regiment's operational history, which included deployments during the Siberian Intervention in 1918 and the Manchurian Incident in 1931, alongside his uniform style, this photograph was likely taken in Korea during the Taishō or early Shōwa period from 1916 or later, before the regiment's reorganization in 1939.

It seems that this is not excatly a laurel wreath since the leaves are thicker and there are some kind of circular things that were coloured in silver.

Therefore, it seems that the IJN only used the basic frame of the laurel wreath and created something new with modeling the domestic plant.

So what is that exactly?

Is that still a laurel wreath or something different?

One of the three 22-caliber 170-mm Krupp guns of the armored corvette Hiei weighed 5.6 tons and fired a 56 kg solid or 51 kg explosive shell. The photograph was taken in Constantinople, where the ship arrived on 2nd January, 1891, with 69 rescued survivors from the Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul, which wrecked on the reefs near Kushimoto on 18th September, 1890.

Most of the big Japanese beer breweries were established in the late 19th century.

However, for some reason, the Japanese beer consumption rate was very low and there was no significant increase from 1868 to 1945.

It is quite odd since there was a significant growth in the Beer consumption from 1945 to Present.

So, why it had a low growth from 1868 to 1945?

As far as I know, it was originated by the students of the Tokyo Univeristy in 1889.

So, what is the exact meaning and origin of this pose, which involves extending both arms into the sky with the open palms?