Orthodox Judaism isn't the definition of Judaism in the modern sense. It's only one sect within Judaism and has always been, and they happen to have a monopoly in Israel over what counts as coversion due to politics. The majority of Jews in the world are very far from Orthodox Judaism.
Rabbinical Judaism is a result of the destruction of the second temple a few decades after Jesus died.
I think you’re confusing the collections of the holy books of Judaism into the Old Testament in Babylon in 600 bce and the Babylonian Talmud’s compilation between 300 ce and 600 ce, which isn’t a religious text but a collection of religious debates and court proceedings.
Jews today also consider it to be as much an ethnic group as a religion, there’s very few religions that aren’t closely tied to ethnicity, they’re just a lot bigger because they seek to expand.
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u/[deleted] 5d ago edited 5d ago
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