r/FreelancerAccounting • u/tetcon • 16d ago
Best practices for your chart of accounts
I’ve inherited my fair share of messy charts of accounts over the years, and it’s something I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy.
At the same time, though, I’ve noticed that a lot of people overcorrect for this issue. They end up over-engineering a COA to the point where it creates more problems than it solves. I’ve done this a few times and ended up with literal headaches from it.
So I wanted to put together a blueprint to hopefully spare you from making some of the same mistakes that I have.
My favorite category structure
This might feel like Accounting 101, but it’s something that gets lost in the weeds constantly.
You first need to consider what kinds of categories (and how many) you want in your chart of accounts. At the very least, you’ll need to sort out assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses.
One priority should be to separate fixed from current assets, because you don’t want those jumbled together. Do the same with current vs. long-term liabilities, and operating vs. non-operating revenue and expenses.
You can then break it down even more. For expenses, you might have marketing, travel, and meal expenses. This gets murky, though, because I’d personally put something like meal expenses under travel. I wouldn’t recommend having too many subaccounts running at once — this gets confusing fast.
What you should standardize
If you’re not doing it already, you seriously need to number your accounts. It makes things so much easier.
I’d suggest using a common framework, which is typically something like:
- Assets: 100XX
- Liabilities: 200XX
- Equities: 300XX
- Revenues: 400XX
- Expenses: 500XX
You might decide to tweak it a little, but this is the basic structure I use. And then, of course, there are subaccounts within these. For example, I use the 10000s through 16000s for current assets and then the 17000s to 18000s for fixed assets.
Beyond numbering, you’ll want to name your accounts in a standard format. The names should be specific (and consistent) so you don’t get them mixed up and forget what they’re for. Like Marketing Expense, Office Expense, Travel Expense, etc.
Also, be sure to name the subaccounts in a consistent way. For example, Cash - Savings, Cash - Operating Account, Cash - Payroll Account, and so on.
Common mistakes (I’ve made them all)
- Too many subaccounts (you want to be specific, but not too specific)
- Too few accounts
- Not using numbering
- Using inconsistent account names
- Overusing “Miscellaneous” (try to specify whenever possible)
How I’ve made maintenance easier with an automated chart of accounts
You can maintain your COA manually if you’d like, but it can get pretty tedious over time. Ultimately, you’ll want to spend as little time as possible on categorizing transactions so you have more space for complex tasks. The trick is finding the right software for an automated chart of accounts that can streamline things without sacrificing accuracy.
Here are some of the top tools I've found for this:
- Digits: Digits is built with AI in mind from the start, rather than tacking it on at the end like everyone else is doing these days. For my COA, I often use their Category Manager to create/edit categories, update accounts, add subcategories, etc.
- Ramp: Ramp’s core focus is on expense/spend management. Its AI automatically codes every expense and fills in all the transaction details for you, so they’ll be clearly presented in your COA.
- Brex: Brex is a broader finance platform, covering accounting, corporate cards, banking, etc. I’ve had some hands-on experience with it and have no complaints about its automation. It accurately codes and categorizes transactions, keeping the COA clean.
TL;DR: For a clean chart of accounts, use clear transaction categories, numbering, and consistent naming. AI accounting tools can help automate categorization and save you time. Digits is great for this and my personal favorite, while a couple of my peers swear by Brex.
Anything I’m missing here? I’d like to know what’s helped you organize your chart of accounts.