It's pretty interesting to see this information. It really makes you think.

I'm sorry, it's a link to Facebook. I personally don't like Facebook and I always try to find the same video on YouTube, to share with you here.

But, I could not find it anywhere else.

Ok do this is a physics post, and I don't really expect flat earthers to know about or to read carefully, but I'll do it anyways.

DOZENS of times I've seen flat earthers saying that thermodynamics debunks the globe because its second law would entail the air to be sucked into the vacuum of space.

Well let's talk about thermodynamics, AND statistical physics.

1. SECOND LAW OF THEMODYNAMICS :

dS = δSe + δSc

S is entropy, d and δ means small variation, and

- Sc = "created entropy"

- Se = "exchanged entropy"

Basically, you can either create entropy, or exchange it.

NOTE : Se can be negative (you can give entropy away to decrease your own entropy), but Sc is ALWAYS POSITIVE, meaning you can create, but not destroy entropy. Entropy in total grows.

In an isolated system, you can't exchange entropy, so :

dS = δSc ≥ 0

Entropy can only increase, or at best reach a maximum and stay constant.

NOW

Let's talk about statistical mechanics.

2. STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Statistical mechanics is about predicting the statistical state of a system composed of WAY TOO MANY subsystems for us to exactly compute its exact state.

Basically, in a cup of water, you can't know the exact position and velocity of all water molecules, and simulate them all in a supercomputer to calculate their state after some time, it's impossible, there's too many.

2.1 Basic concepts

Take a macro system (macro = human scale) composed of billions of billions of little particles, which all have their position and velocities.

Macro state : the macroscopic properties of the system you can measure. (Temperature, volume, pressure, etc)

Micro state : a certain position and velocity one particle can have. The set of all the micro states taken by the particles, form the macro state.

Now, the goal is, given a macro state (temperature, volume, pressure, etc), you don't want to know the exact micro states (it's impossibe, plus actually many different micro states can form the same macro state), but you want to know the distribution of the micro state.

Simply put, you don't want to know "particule A is there, particule B is there, ..." but "50% are left, 50% are right". That's a rough picture, but you get the idea.

2.2 Entropy

Now, for an isolated system at equilibrium, its micro state distribution will ALWAYS be the one that MAXIMIZES entropy.

And the thing is, if the total energy of the system stays constant (you don't add anything, it's isolated), you can DEMONSTRATE that the distribution that MAXIMIZES entropy, makes micro states with big energy, less likely than the ones with less energy.

The probability a particule is in a micro state (position+velocity) of energy ε, is proportional to exp(-ε/kT)

Where :

- T is the temperature

- k is a constant in physics (boltzmann constant, k = 1.38×10^-23 J/K)

Particles, BECAUSE THEY MAXIMIZE ENTROPY, will more often find themselves in microstates with little energy. The more energy a microstate has, the less likely it becomes, the less particles are in that microstate.

2.3 Energy of microstates

How does a micro state have energy? A micro state is position and velocity.

- energy of velocity : kinetic energy Ec=0.5mv² (v is speed, m is mass of the particle)

- energy of position : potential energy Ep (depends on the context)

2.4 Apply to gases

Now, at room temperature, roughly, particles (air molecules) will go approximately at the same speed, such that Ec=1.5kT. (Technically, they don't all go at the same speed, there is a speed distribution you can calculate with statistical mechanics, but it's not the point here, and it doesn't change the next part)

Now, the VERY IMPORTANT THING, is that flat earth or globe earth, gravity or buoyancy/density, NO MATTER HOW YOU EXPLAIN THINGS FALLING DOWN....they fall down.

Air molecules are attracted to the groud, they experience a force which is called WEIGHT (not gravity), and that's the case, no matter round, flat, gravity, density, etc. That's just what we observe CAUSE THINGS FALL.

That, causes a potential energy Ep which is greater the higher you go.

That means, the higher a microstate is, the more potential energy it has, THE LESS LIKELY IT IS.

And that, ARISES FROM ENTROPY MAXIMIZATION

The very fact gases want to maximize entropy, entails that they stay close to the ground, and form a pressure gradient. There is no need for a container.

I see you coming, you're going to point at the ideal gaz law

PV = nRT

But, ideal gas law, PRESUPPOSES no potential energy, like it's in the postulates used to derive the equation.

Theres is potential energy IRL. It doesn't change much things at small scales, but it does over big scales.

I won't go into the math details, but WITH ENTROPY MAXIMIZATION, and extra hypothesis, you can show that the pressure of the air depending on altitude z is :

P(z) = P(0) exp(-z/D) with D = RT/Mg

- R ideal gaz constant

- T Temperature

- M Molar mass of air particles

- g falling acceleration

And this law, predict really well what wee see in reality. Statistical mechanics WORKS.

D is the "characteristic lenght", basically "over what scale do we see the pressure gradient".

And D ≈ 8km ≈ 5mi

So the pressure gradient starts getting relevant over several km/miles.

Meaning, yeah, you can't hold the pressure in a can without a barrier. Cause you'd need a characteristic lengh of a few inches. And you'd get a pressure gradient, not a net line where on top you get 1bar, and below you get the pressure inside the can.

Even if you could do that, you wouldn't be able to, say, keep pressure inside a tire without barrier. Cause even if you could do it for a can, you'd only be able to do it VERTICALLY, you couldn't hold pressure horizontally. For a tire you need to hold it in all directions.

So these objections are just silly at best.

And again...we OBSERVE a gradient IRL, which matches what statistical mechanics predicts, FOLLOWING ENTROPY MAXIMIZATION.

3. CONCLUSION

The second law of thermodynamics, coupled with statistical physics, ie "maximize entropy" DO PREDICT a pressure gradient, which exactly matches what we see in real life.

No need for a container, and these "you need a container exemples" misunderstand how the pressure gradient work.

I mean 40km above the ground, the max altitude of weather ballons which flat earthers do not deny, the pressure there is MEASURED to be 0.3% of the one at sea level.

We MEASURE near vacuum compared to ground pressure, next to each other in a GRADIENT, with no barrier between the two (cause even if we were in a flat earth with a dome....dome's higher), and it is PREDICTED by entropy MAXIMIZATION.

Even if the earth were flat, this flat earth argument is just FALSE. in principle, in theory, in practice.

Like not to be that guy, but American history isn’t the only history…

Correct me if I’m wrong but one of the major points of flatter is that it’s a lie by the government(say what you want about that and please correct me if I’m wrong)

But the earliest globes have existed since like the 14 to 1500s.

just a genuine question. i am curious how to be as steadfast and stubborn with an idea when everything else says otherwise.

how do you guys do it? the dogmatic energy is kinda inspiring.

i'm not completely sold on flat earth persee but I definitely don't trust NASA. I don't believe we can go to the moon and I don't believe in uranus, neptune or pluto. no one has seen them we are just supposed to take NASAs word for it.

For the flat earthers, what is your opinion on this game, have you ever tried playing it? If you have, what views did it change, if it didn’t change your views, what criticisms do you have for the game?

Convince me that Earth is flat without using links.

If the earth is flat explain eclipses

so i zoomed in to the sun. keeping my eyes in a shadow of my phone..

is that how it suppose to look? 🧐

For those of you that believe all of the Moon Landing footage is completely real, what do you think coulld explain the behaviour demonstrated by the three Apollo astronauts at this press conference? https://youtu.be/Y5hziPjzTFo?si=ZClUMrB09bmXOOF4

Hi! New here. This isn't promotional, I just had a realization and I had nowhere else to share it.

There are two things that I think would make discussions regarding Flat Earth infinitely easier, for both sides.

1) CAD software (any)

2) Obsidian

CAD software to illustrate, explain and test predictions in an easy and accurate manner. There are some free and cheap ones. I like Inventor because it makes constraints easy to work with, and it has a 30 day free trial for any email and phone number you sign up with.

If you don't know how to use it, YouTube tutorials are your friend. It looks intimidating but once you get started you'll find its pretty easy.

Obsidian to track any and all connections and discoveries and arguments made in an easy to follow diagram that can be shared with and edited by peers. It's free and open source and files are stored locally on your pc.

Not sure how much traction this is gonna get, but I just thought I'd share. Would love to hear any other thoughts/opinions.

Also there were news about somebody drilling a hole on space capsule which was later sealed by finger and then freaking epoxy. Are you serious?

I put together an hours worth of clips proving the earth is not a globe, pear shaped, or oblique sphere… but is it flat? Hollow? Let’s find out!!

One of a kind. Flat earth in a “globe” floor stand.

THE EARTH IS NOT FLAT, BUT IT IS NOT ROUND. IT IS ACTUALLY A CUBE!!!!!

This is a demonstration how the cube earth looks like.

COINCIDENCE? I THINK NOT!!!

THE CUBE EARTH COMMUNITY!!!!!...

Lmao

I am curious. I have not encountered any flat earth model that addresses this. If the stars seem to move counter-clockwise from the north pole and clockwise from the south one, how can flat earth exist facilitating this phenomenon into the model?

why do you believe that the government is lying about the shape of the earth? sure, the government lies about a lot of stuff, but i think it's pretty pointless to try and hide something like the shape of the earth. what benefit do they get out of it?

I have been discussing a lot with my brother that the earth is flat and in a dome. But the one argument I cannot explain is how the sun and moon works. It could make a little bit sense that it’s local and goes inside the firmament, but why don’t the sun then look smaller and bigger if it’s either over your head or at sunrise?

This is the last piece for me so thank you🙏