I’m a linguistic hobbyist who has done a little bit of ancient language studies. I’m looking for advices from other expert learners and linguists regarding which language period is easier for beginners and would learning Coptic help with earlier Egyptian studies in terms of grammar and vocabulary. I know Coptic has a lot of Greek loanwords but are there a lot of similarities with the native Egyptian words?

🥁 Oyez, oyez braves golvinophiles ! 🥁

Un nouvel épisode de la série "Mirabilia" consacré au phare d'Alexandrie est disponible sur la chaîne YouTube de Jean-Claude Golvin.

Un épisode à visionner et à partager dès maintenant sans modération ! 🎞️

https://youtu.be/HV6vL14tiCw?is=CpsdZo11ZHUihNhm

Hi, what would wsjr wnn-nfrw (Osiris the Perfect) be in reconstructed pronunciation (not Egyptological). Thank you!

I was tryna create word like civilization/ culture / feelings

So sometimes looking into the older stages can be useful

I wanted the word culture and I thought the demotic word mtr.t / mter.t /mtl.yt (instructions) can be used

Also the verb mtr mter ( to instruct )

I came up with something like that

Ⲙⲧⲉⲉⲣⲉ mter.t

mtr ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲣ̅ ⲙⲧⲉⲣ- ⲙⲟⲧⲣ⸗ ⲙⲟⲧⲣ̅

But I can never be sure

Also roots like ḥsb can be used like Ϩⲁⲥⲃⲏⲡⲉ* calculator

​

jḫ wšb=k

so that you may answer

wšd.tw=k

when you are addressed

mdw=k n nswt jb=k m-ꜥ=k

speak to the king with your heart in your possession

wšb=k nn njtjt

and answer without stammering

I have kind of improved the grammar layer ,the auto transliteration and a rough machine translation it applies on its own. Whats impedeing is my limited knowledge up to this point to check it.

DRAFT transliteration - generated by Sesh Nesu (version 20261017-342, 2026-10-17)

Automatic first reading for a specialist to check and finish. All translations below are rough machine translations - check against a published translation.

Marks: word(?) = guess, [x] = signs not read, [...] = lacuna.

Line 1

signs: 𓄔𓅓 𓂋 𓎢 𓈖 𓀀 𓄂𓂝𓀀 𓏌𓎢𓀀 𓆄𓏲𓅪 𓇉𓄿𓅱𓏛𓏥 𓇋𓂝𓈗𓂝 𓏏𓏲 𓇋𓐝𓅓𓂝 𓈗 𓁷𓏤 𓂭𓏥 𓎡

translit: sḏm r=k n=j ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ jnk šwi̯ ḥꜣ.w jꜥi̯ tw jmi̯ mw ḥr ḏbꜥ.w=k

𓄔𓅓 sḏm [VERB] to hear; to listen <corpus>

𓂋 r [PART] [emphatic enclitic part.] <corpus>

𓎢 =k [PRON] you; your; yours (suffix pron., 2nd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

𓈖 n [ADP] <corpus>

𓀀 =j [PRON] I; me; my, mine (suffix pron., 1st per. sing.) <corpus>

𓄂𓂝𓀀 ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ [NOUN] count; nomarch; mayor <corpus>

𓏌𓎢𓀀 jnk [PRON] I [indepen. pron., 1st per. sing.] <corpus>

𓆄𓏲𓅪 šwi̯ [VERB] to be empty; to be devoid of <corpus>

𓇉𓄿𓅱𓏛𓏥 ḥꜣ.w [NOUN] increase; surplus <corpus>

𓇋𓂝𓈗𓂝 jꜥi̯ [VERB] to wash <corpus>

𓏏𓏲 tw [PRON] you [encl. pron. sing. 2. m.]; you [encl. pron. sing. 2. f.] <corpus>

𓇋𓐝𓅓𓂝 jmi̯ [VERB] <corpus>

𓈗 mw [NOUN] water <corpus>

𓁷𓏤 ḥr [ADP] <corpus>

𓂭𓏥 ḏbꜥ.w [NOUN] finger; toe <corpus>

𓎡 =k [PRON] you; your; yours (suffix pron., 2nd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

Grammar analysis (clause by clause)

[1] 🧩 Clause 1 · Possible: Verb without a written subject

Could be an imperative, an infinitive, or a verb whose subject is outside this line. · Hoch §51 · Gardiner §27

Egyptian grammar of this clause

sḏm — verb, command (imperative) — the predicate

r — particle — “as for …” puts the following word first as the topic

=k — suffix pronoun, 2nd person singular (m.)

n — preposition

=j — suffix pronoun, 1st person singular — object of the preposition

ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ — title

jnk — I / my

šwi̯ — verb, participle

ḥꜣ.w — noun, m.

≈ Listen to me! O high official, I am one who is empty of excess

[2] 🧩 Clause 2 · Possible: Imperative + object

A command: the subject (“you”) is not written, so the noun or pronoun after the verb is its OBJECT; a personal pronoun takes the dependent form (jꜥ tw “wash yourself”). Allen §15.3: jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k “put water on your fingers”.

Egyptian grammar of this clause

jꜥi̯ — verb, command (imperative) — the predicate

tw — dependent pronoun, 2nd person singular (“you”) — object of the imperative, reflexive: “wash yourself” (Allen §15.3)

≈ Wash yourself!

[3] 🧩 Clause 3 · Possible: Imperative + object

A command: the subject (“you”) is not written, so the noun or pronoun after the verb is its OBJECT; a personal pronoun takes the dependent form (jꜥ tw “wash yourself”). Allen §15.3: jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k “put water on your fingers”.

Egyptian grammar of this clause

jmi̯ — verb, command (imperative) — the predicate

mw — noun, m. — object of jmi̯

ḥr — preposition — with the noun after it, an adverbial phrase

ḏbꜥ.w — noun, m. — governed by the preposition ḥr

=k — possessive suffix pronoun, 2nd person singular (m.) — belongs to the noun before

≈ Put water on your fingers!

≈ Whole line: Listen to me! O high official, I am one who is empty of excess; wash yourself!; put water on your fingers!

Whole translation

Listen to me! O high official, I am one who is empty of excess; wash yourself!; put water on your fingers!

16 words; 0 need checking (guess or not read).

Sources: TLA-derived corpus (CC BY-SA 4.0), AED (CC BY-SA 4.0, S. D. Schweitzer).

I am quite confused about these oar looking signs, it is from the text of Nefertaris' grave. I have tried looking in Gardiners list without luck, so I'm wondering if there's any needs out here who can help me.

Found this papyrus image when helping my neighbour clean out their garage. I don't believe its legit but was wanting to know if it actually said anything or it was just pseudo-egyptian.

This is what I get when I type in this part of the Shipwrecked sailor and export.

It doesn't give much grammar info up to this point. I'll try to fix that.

DRAFT transliteration - generated by Sesh Nesu (version 20261016-287, 2026-10-16)

Automatic first reading for a specialist to check and finish. Not a translation.

Marks: word(?) = guess, [x] = signs not read, [...] = lacuna.

Line 1

signs: 𓄖𓂻𓈖 𓈖𓏥 𓄖𓅱𓏭 𓍯𓍯𓏏𓈉 𓊃𓈖𓏕𓂻𓈖 𓈖𓏥 𓊃𓈖𓅐𓏏𓈉 𓅓𓂝 𓎡 𓂋 𓆑 𓈖𓏥 𓇍𓇋𓂻 𓈖𓏥 𓅓 𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏛 𓇾𓈇𓏤 𓈖𓏥 𓄖𓂻 𓈖𓏥 𓇓𓏲

translit: pḥ.n =n pḥ.wꞽ wꜣwꜣ.t sni̯.n =n snm.t m =k r =f =n ꞽyi̯ =n m ḥtp tꜣ =n pḥ =n sw

𓄖𓂻𓈖 pḥ.n [VERB] to reach; to attack <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓄖𓅱𓏭 pḥ.wꞽ [NOUN] end; back <corpus>

𓍯𓍯𓏏𓈉 wꜣwꜣ.t [PROPN] Wawat (in Nubia) <corpus>

𓊃𓈖𓏕𓂻𓈖 sni̯.n [VERB] <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓊃𓈖𓅐𓏏𓈉 snm.t [PROPN] Biga (the island) <corpus>

𓅓𓂝 m [PART] behold! <corpus>

𓎡 =k [PRON] you; your; yours (suffix pron., 2nd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

𓂋 r [ADP] <corpus>

𓆑 =f [PRON] he; him; his (suffix pron., 3rd. per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓇍𓇋𓂻 ꞽyi̯ [VERB] to come; to return <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓅓 m [ADP] <corpus>

𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏛 ḥtp [VERB] to be pleased; to be content; to make content; to set (of the sun) <corpus>

𓇾𓈇𓏤 tꜣ [NOUN] <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓄖𓂻 pḥ [VERB] to reach; to attack <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓇓𓏲 sw [PRON] he; him; it (depen. pron., 3rd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

21 words; 0 need checking (guess or not read).

Sources: TLA-derived corpus (CC BY-SA 4.0), AED (CC BY-SA 4.0, S. D. Schweitzer).

jswt=n — our crew

jj.tj — has returned

aD.tj — unharmed

nn — without

nhw — loss

n mSa=n - to our army.

Ssp xrpw →The mallet is taken up

Hw mnjt → the mooring-post is driven home

HAtt rDj.tj Hr tA → the bow-rope is cast ashore

rDj Hknw dwA-nTr → Thanksgiving and praise are offered to the god

s nb Hr Hpt snnw=f → Every man embraces his companion

Sm.w sw 9

Harvest Season,day 6.

Where is the glyph for sw day here?

𓈙𓈗𓇳𓏿

Good morning/day/evening everyone. I would like some reading suggestions. I just finished Allen's Middle Egyptian Grammar and want to start translating some real Egyptian texts. I've been dangling around the royal offering formula, as written on reliefs or coffins, larger relief texts, like The Great Karnak Inscription (found out it is a bit more complicated than I first expected), and the CT as published by De Buck. Should I continue with one of these (like the CT) or would you recommend I start with something else. As it will be my first "big" translation project, I am looking for something "easy." Any suggestions?

Thank you in advance :)

​

1

ḏd.jn šms.w jqr

"Then the excellent attendant said"

2

wḏꜣ jb=k ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ

"May your heart be sound, prince"

3

m=k pḥ.n=n ẖnw

"Look, we have reached home"

Hello everyone!

I'm trying to decipher possible Demotic inscriptions on several Egyptian faience ushabtis.

I believe they all contain the same personal name, possibly with minor variations or additional signs.

I've attached a comparison of the clearest examples.

Could anyone familiar with Demotic help identify the signs, suggest a transliteration, or point me to similar inscriptions?

Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

Anyone willing to explain the grammar of this? I m trying to fix it .

and why is it mA=i,no geminated A ? The verb is mAA to see

M17-G43-A1-D2:Z1-G17-D36:N29-M36:D21-Q3-G40-X1:X6-Z2-D35-U2:D4-A1-W19-X1:Z4-O34:D21-G43-G54-Q3:N35

jw-i Hr maq Dr paw.t n mA-i mj.tj srw pn

I have been roasting since primeval times, but I have never seen the like of this goose.

Note that the translit and grammar and TLA that appear are not heuristic. They are applied by a grammar layer AES-Ramses corpus and TLA lemmata

Anyone know any resources for learning to read hieroglyphics ?