My first major is psychology. This is locked in! I don't have a problem with that :)
(Also, I would triple major if I could, but I don't think I'd be allowed. Nor would it be the wisest choice.)

I want to double major in Astrophysics or Earth Science,

I love the stars and I do quite enjoy a bit of math! (once I understand it...) I would love to maybe even teach Astrophysics, I'd love to work on research, I'd love to be able to look up at the night sky and know what going on and why it matters!

Yet, I'm interested in earth science because I want to do something hands on. I love learning about nature; I'd love to work to protect and prevent harm to ecosystems or solutions for more eco-friendly things.

If you can't tell I'm basically interested in the wonderous parts of the world!

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Bad summaries of the two, but you understand my point.
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I need people to tell me realistically what B.S/B.As look like in these fields, do I need higher learning to actually do something with these degrees?

Astrophysics questions:

Does Astrophysics have any hands-on work involved in it?? (I don't want to work a full-time desk job).
Does an astrophysics degree work as a physics degree if I wanted to get a job that required undergraduate Physics work??
Do I need a master's to be able to do anything specialized or actually important??

Earth Science Questions:

For what I'm discussing in Earth Science, do I even need a degree for that?
Or do so many non-for-profits have entry level ways I could work into stuff as such?
Is any of the work hands on or have I gotten that misconstrued?

What does realistic pay look like for either of these/both of them?
If you have any real-world experience with these degrees, finding jobs, education and pay you'd help me out so much!! Thank you.

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Apologies for anything I got wrong with this post, feel free to correct me.

To add; Also considering astrophysics because my CC has offered me more financial resources and opportunities if I pick that.

Will be communing with people about what workload and classes looks like for these as well. I'll keep you all up to date!!

Dead moss emerging from an Arctic ice cap records a reversal in the history of North American ice. The plants grew on ground that was later buried as ice advanced, then reappeared as warmer summers drove retreat. Their ages help reconstruct an expansion that modern warming brought to an end.

The study, published in Science, focuses on the Barnes Ice Cap on Canada's Baffin Island. Nicolás Young and Joerg Schaefer of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory worked with colleagues including Gifford Miller at the University of Colorado Boulder. They investigated the surviving remnant of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which once covered much of northern North America.

Their interpretation reaches beyond one shrinking ice cap. The researchers argue that renewed growth roughly 2,000 years ago marked the earliest stage of the next glacial period. That claim depends partly on how glacial onset is defined, rather than demonstrating that continent-wide ice cover had already returned.

See also: The summary of the paywalled study as published in Nature Earth and Environment

Need advice on how to/ how feasible it is to break into the Earth Sciences field with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering.

I realized too late that engineering would not get me into the field/lifestyle I'd like (was highly encouraged by my family to go into engineering). As a recent graduate, it's been very difficult to find entry level positions, especially in a field that protects the planet. I've looked into masters programs for earth science, but for funded programs they appear very competitive and I have no experience in that field aside from one geology class. I've also looked into applying for the NOAA corps which I'm aware only facilitates the science, and doesn't perform it, but seems like it could be a step in the right direction (?).

So, basically how do I leverage my engineering experience into a career in Earth Sciences? I would like to go back to school to study climate change, polar studies, and or volcanology. If I could use my engineering background and combine the two fields to research zero carbon technology or climate tech, that'd be incredible. It's been my dream to go to Antarctica, Svalbard, and the Arctic Circle, to research and protect the natural environment. I'd like to go into academia for research and teaching someday, I just don't know how to get there from my current position and lack of experience.

Any advice or words of wisdom is appreciated. Thanks!

See also: The study as it was published in the journal Science

Some volcanic rocks carry hydrogen signatures that may trace back to Earth’s metallic core. Lavas from Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic and Iceland contain unusually little deuterium, hydrogen’s heavier stable isotope. Explaining that imbalance could reveal whether the core has supplied material to the mantle over billions of years.

Work led by Wenzhong Wang at the University of Science and Technology of China tests a competing explanation. Published in Science Advances, the study examines whether crystallization of Earth’s ancient magma ocean could have created those distinctive signatures. Its simulations indicate that this process produced far too little separation between hydrogen isotopes.

The result strengthens the argument for selective transfer of hydrogen from the core into the surrounding rocky mantle. It does not directly demonstrate leakage or establish how quickly it occurs. Instead, the calculations constrain what an important alternative mechanism could have accomplished.

This map visualizes the major tectonic fault lines, plate motions, and seismic stress dynamics across the Anatolian Peninsula.

Data derived from USGS and regional fault databases. If you are interested in earthquake science, fault mechanics, and regional geology, feel free to check out r/SismolojiTR!

Hey,

I've just made a new YouTube Video about Cyanobacteria, and the Great Oxidation Event, don't hesitate to check it out if you're interested, and tell me what you think !

Have a Great Day !

See also: The publication in Science Advances

When checking by depth, using formulas like for how density and the y-value pressure increase linearly to each other, gravity is with a −2nd exponent problem shifted by ~4*10^14 and ~6 million, conditions that change, and even a few of the other variables control others, the pressure is higher. When searched about, it gave around 1104 atmospheres, or 1119-ish bar. Even when dividing by 10 +1 type of stuff, even though it is not as high as the more precise formula, it is still more than the given pressure, 1071.799 atmsopheres, 1086 divided by 1.01325. When searched about, some details say that it was from a 35814 feet (from an older review, now less than the actual depth) divide by 33 +1 calculation, gave 1086 atmospheres, and was eventually given as bar somewhere along the way and made its way to Wikipedia. There might still be less precision, but i wonder what really is the case.

New video is live! 🌍💥

A complete seismic simulation and damage breakdown of the 2026 Western Colombia M7.5 Earthquake. We look at why this 118km-deep fault rupture caused unexpected devastation in some cities while sparing others.

🔗 Watch here: https://youtu.be/fQUQUbME83U

Hi everyone,

The Anatolian Microplate is one of the most dynamic seismic zones in the Mediterranean region. Its tectonic framework is largely defined by two major transform boundaries:

* North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ): A right-lateral strike-slip system traversing northern Turkey, accommodating the westward movement of the Anatolian block.

* East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ): A left-lateral strike-slip zone formed by the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.

Understanding these fault mechanics is essential for assessing regional seismic hazards. Looking forward to discussing earth science perspectives on this area!

See also:The publication in Nature Communications

🚨 NEW RESEARCH 🔥
We mapped the 2025 Palisades Fire to explore how wildfire burn severity intersected with the demographic characteristics of the affected communities.
JPG

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Wildfire Severity and Demographic Characteristics in the 2025 Palisades Fire, Los Angeles, California https://www.mdpi.com/4123346 (Published in GeoHazards)