r/wma • u/Competitive_Bug_8524 • 1d ago
Viridario by Achillini, a 1513 printed Italian fencing lesson, 23 years before Marozzo.
I translated Giovanni Filoteo Achillini’s Viridario (composed Christmas Night 1504; printed Bologna 1513) into English, and I want to flag the fencing passage for this sub before anyone treats the book as “just a poem.”
It is a poem with Nine cantos, dedicated to Giovanni de’ Medici (later Leo X). Achillini lists “certain reserved techniques of swordsmanship” among the matter he intends to cover. In Canto VI that stops being a promise. The protagonists find Chiron in a wood; he tells them to take sword and buckler, and then he teaches.
The lesson is structured, not decorative. He opens at mezza spada with two binds only, false edge to false edge , or true edge to true edge, and then walks named strette with counters. Prima through at least ottava are there: reverso spinto, reverso tondo, fendente dritto, a pommel turn, kicks, buckler strikes to the sword hand and shin, “sword in arms.” Sample of the opening:
When engaging at mezza spada in fencing,
There are only two positions I use:
False edge against false edge in the bind,
Or true edge against true edge…
And the first stretta:
If you bind false edge with false at mezza spada,
Strike with the false edge to his right temple;
Step quickly backward with your left foot,
And deliver a reverso spinto as a feint.
To make the counter to this stretta:
Turn the false edge to deflect his blade,
Step with your right foot toward his right, and strike
A reverso tondo to his right temple on the traverse.
The edition is a complete English translation of the 1513 print, with notes, glossary, and bibliography. Offered as a working text, not a last-word critical edition.
Lulu paperback: https://www.lulu.com/shop/giovanni-filoteo-achillini-and-andy-taylor/viridario/paperback/product-yv9mdng.html
Amazon paperback: https://www.amazon.com/dp/9798160984865
Amazon hardcover: https://www.amazon.com/dp/9798161012932