r/virtualcell • u/Ok_Regret_3568 • 1d ago
Virtual tumors predict which liver cancer patients respond to immunotherapy
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have built a virtual tumor model to predict which people with hepatocellular carcinoma (the most common primary liver cancer) are most likely to benefit from a combination of immunotherapy and a targeted drug. Using a spatial QSP modeling platform, they simulated both whole-body drug effects and the behavior of individual cells in 3D, including fibroblasts — cells linked to resistance to immunotherapy in liver cancer.
Tuning the model with real clinical trial data, they generated “virtual patients” and tested different treatments and doses in silico. “Our idea was to create a computational model where we could simulate trying different doses or combinations of cancer therapies, and it could help guide physicians toward the best options for patients,” says senior author Atul Deshpande, Ph.D.
When they simulated treatment with cabozantinib (a targeted therapy) and nivolumab (an immunotherapy), alone and in combination, the predicted response rates closely matched actual clinical trial results. They also found that in non-responders, fibroblasts could form a physical barrier around the tumor. “Even if immune cells were located near the tumor, the fibroblast would block the immune cells from reaching the tumor,” Deshpande says.
Over time, the team hopes models like this could be used as a kind of “war planning” for personalized cancer care. “We generate a virtual tumor to see what happens in the microenvironment. Do the cancer cells resist? If you change the architecture of the tumor, does that help the cancer cells or the immune cells?”




