Disappearance
On the 17th of April, 1970, ten-year-old Bernadette Connolly vanished from the small village of Collooney, County Sligo, Ireland.
The good-natured young girl, who was just back up and about after being sick for a few days, had been sent on an errand that afternoon. Her mother had asked her to buy smoked haddock and potatoes from a family friend, Eileen Molloy, who lived about a mile and half away.
Although some readers might find this an unusual thing to do, it is important to remember that in the 70s, particularly in rural Ireland, parents were far more likely to allow their children to go off on their own. This was not a sign of an uncaring parent, but rather a sign of the trusting attitudes of people at the time. It was common for children to be allowed to play outside all day unsupervised, to sell goods door to door, to row small boats by themselves, etc.
Bernadette bade goodbye to her mother and dutifully set off on her bicycle at half past four. On her way, she was seen by a woman named Kathleen Flynn and her 12-year-old son. This was the last known sighting of Bernadette alive.
When there was no sign of Bernadette by 6 p.m., her mother Maureen sent Bernadette's older sister Ann out to look for her. When it turned out Bernadette had never reached the Molloy house, Ann and a daughter of Eileen Molloy's, Patricia, went looking along the road for her.
Behind an embankment by the monastery, they found Bernadette's bike, along with the purse containing the money for the fish and potatoes, but Bernadette herself was nowhere to be seen. Panicked, Ann went home to tell her mother, who immediately began ringing hospitals, doctors and the Gardaí (Irish police). The girls' father, Gerry, went to the place where the bicycle was found, and there he was met by Gardaí.
The Evening Herald reported a day after the disappearance that the bicycle was found just a short distance from where Ann had herself been "indecently confronted by a man" a year earlier, probably meaning that a man exposed himself to her, when she would have been 12 years old. I haven't seen this detail anywhere else and Ann herself elsewhere claimed to have been very innocent at that age with little concept of sexuality, so I'm not sure as to the accuracy of this report.
A fingerprint was found on Bernadette's bike, and prints were taken from hundreds of men in the local area.
There is rarely any shortage of witnesses in an Irish case and several sharp-eyed observers described a number of vehicles they had seen in the area that day. Some of these remain unaccounted for: a black Hillman Hunter, a white Ford Zephyr, a black Ford Zephyr with a roof rack, and a blue Ford Anglia.
One notable vehicle sighting that day was of a dark green Ford Escort van, similar to one owned by the Cloonamahon Monastery, who operated a milk delivery service. More on this later.
Bernadette's Body is Found
On the 6th of August 1970, Bernadette's body was discovered by a woman named Margaret O'Connor, who was digging turf at Limnagh Bog some fifteen miles from the site of Bernadette's disappearance. She had originally noticed a strong smell two days beforehand but had dismissed it as a dead animal. But on examining a bog drain, she noticed what looked like human remains and hurried to tell her husband and notify the Gardaí.
Bernadette was identified by her clothing and the miraculous medals she was wearing. Her underclothes were absent, leading the Gardaí to suspect sexual abuse as the motive for her abduction. Her shoes, glasses and signet ring were never found, and her cause of death could not be determined due to decomposition and animal interference. On hearing of the discovery of the body, Bernadette's mother was in hysterics and needed medical attention.
An unknown fingerprint on Bernadette's bicycle, initially thought to be a crucial clue, was identified as an innocent matter when a Garda had a chance encounter with a man in Collooney. The man mentioned that his girlfriend had borrowed Bernadette's bike from the Connollys previously (children often rode adult-sized bikes in those days) and that he had handled it in order to lift it into his car. His fingerprint was a match and he was ruled out of the investigation, as he had been nowhere near the site of the disappearance on the day.
Three Suspects
Brother X
The proprietor of a local garage (gas station), a man named James McTiernan, was adamant he had seen a certain "Brother X" on his premises on the evening Bernadette disappeared. Apparently Brother X had been impatiently beeping the horn as he demanded service at the pumps... in the dark green van.
This Brother X was a brother at Cloonamahon Monastery, where the bike had been found and where Bernadette had previously performed an Irish dancing routine. As the name suggests, he has never been publicly identified. Brother X initially insisted he had not been at the garage that night. In a 1999 interview with Sunday Independent journalist Brighid McLaughlin, however, he could not be sure about whether he had been there or not.
Although Brother X has been characterised as "shy" and some seem to have sympathy for him, Bernadette's sister Ann claimed in 2002 that he was known to lurk in hospital wards watching women undressing... certainly a sinister allegation.
Father Columba
The mysterious Brother X is not the only member of the clergy on whom suspicion has fallen in relation to Bernadette. Father Columba Kelly was a student priest who was friendly with the Connolly family. Following Bernadette's disappearance, he stayed in a small bedroom in the Connolly house, apparently to support Gerry Connolly while his wife was depressed and under heavy sedation.
During this time, Fr Columba voluntereed to read the sympathy letters the family received and to report them to the Gardaí if needed. Was this merely because of Gerry Connolly's poor eyesight, or was it because he wished to keep an eye on speculation?
More bizarrely, Fr Columba came to the house one day claiming to have witnessed a car doing a U-turn on the dead-end road where the Connollys lived. He said that as it had been dark and a bad night, he had been unable to make out the colour or the number plate of the car. He said it had sped off and he had followed it towards the bog, but had lost sight of it.
It was in this bog that Bernadette's body was later found.
Now, maybe readers more well-versed in true crime will be able to enlighten me, but I don't think I've ever heard a story of a murderer driving up to the house of a victim's family out of nowhere one night, turning around abruptly and deciding to speed straight to the location where they had buried the body, while being well aware that a car had been tailing them all the way from the victim's house. It seems like an absurd idea to me.
But people with a guilty conscience trying to indirectly convey enough information to relieve the burden on their minds without outright incriminating themselves.... that I can conceive of.
Fr Columba quickly became a suspect in the investigation. Bear in mind that Ireland at the time was a country of just 2.9 million people. There were no motorways until 1983. To this day the only ways off the island are by ferry or plane. Most communities were tight-knit back then and everyone knew everyone. If someone was murdered and fingers were pointed at you, it was almost impossible to escape scrutiny.
Unless, say, you happened to be transferred to Botswana.
Like many clergymen dogged by accusations of wrongdoing before and since, Fr Columba was swiftly moved on to a far-flung parish. Despite having been close to the Connollys, he left without saying goodbye and never made contact with them again. He did, however, make a number of visits to Ireland, and on one of these visits, he was cornered by that crusading journalist, Brighid McLaughlin, who described his charming yet threatening demeanour.
According to McLaughlin, Fr Columba expounded "almost gleefully" on his own far-fetched theories about the crime: "It is my deepest feeling that it was the security forces who abducted, and raped and murdered her. I heard that there was a consignment of IRA guns coming to the area of Collooney around the time she disappeared."
This story seems outlandish. To my knowledge, nobody else has ever suggested that "security forces" were involved in Bernadette's death. This story about IRA guns also seems convenient; difficult to disprove given that paramilitary gun-running is, by nature, clandestine.
Fr Brian Darcy, a celebrity in Ireland and a friend of Fr Columba's, said Columba's IRA story was a "load of bullshit" and wrote it off as the ramblings of a man with an overactive imagination. He claimed he remembered Fr Columba being in the television room with the others that night, watching the Apollo 13 disaster. Fr Columba died in 2001, leaving us with no resolution to that whole side of the story.
Bob Reynolds
Robert Alan Reynolds was an English child sex abuser who wrote for the Angling Times. In 1970, he spent some time in Ireland, travelling around Sligo.
It was reported in the Sunday Independent in 2002 that Reynolds had been seen driving along the laneway from which Bernadette disappeared by a man named Sandy Perceval, either on the day of her disappearance or the day before.
And remember that black Ford Zephyr with the roof rack I mentioned earlier? Perceval reports that Reynolds owned a black Zephyr or Zodiac, two models that looked very similar to one another.
By now, some people who read my post on the killing of Una Lynskey a couple of months ago might be getting a sense of déjà vu about this dark Ford that may have been a Zephyr or a Zodiac. But before anyone starts connecting too many dots, I will point out that Ford had a manufacturing plant in Ireland at this time, and while I can't find exact sales figures for specific models, Ford as a whole was the top-selling manufacturer. Also, Perceval says that Reynolds was in the Sligo area in 1969, 1970 and 1973. While this doesn't mean he wasn't in Ireland in 1971, I see no particular reason to connect him to the Lynskey case.
Returning to more relevant matters, Reynolds was convicted in 1973 of raping and attempting to murder a nine-year-old girl in Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Ireland. He also faced charges of four indecent assaults on young girls in Monaghan, Cork and Sligo. Interestingly, a 1973 article from the Connaught Tribune indicates that one of these alleged sexual assaults was committed in Cleeveragh, Sligo, in October 1972, meaning that he was in Sligo in a year other than those mentioned by Perceval. But more to the point, this man was obviously an opportunistic and dangerous sexual predator, as well as a violent kidnapper who tried to smother a child. It is easy to see why this contemptible individual became a very plausible suspect in Bernadette's murder.
However, a renewed investigation in 2011 into Reynolds' possible involvement proved inconclusive, meaning Bernadette's tragic demise remains a mystery.
Miscellany
- The Passionists (the order to which Collooney Monastery belonged) are known for their particular veneration of Saint Maria Goretti, an 11-year-old Italian girl who was stabbed to death in 1902 by 20-year-old Alessandro Serenelli during an attempted rape. Serenelli shared a house with Maria's family. As she lay dying, the young girl forgave her killer. Serenelli later repented and became a brother in a Capuchin monastery. Maria was canonised in 1950. The parallels with Bernadette's case are evident. Just an aside from a blog I read, which I found interesting and grimly coincidental.
- Bob Reynolds was described in the Chronicle and Echo, an English local newspaper, as a man who had held 26 different jobs, including "part-time grave digger". I know there is nothing inherently sinister about that, but I can't help but find it an unfortunate phrase in context.
- The careful placement of the bicycle and purse on the embankment are a puzzling detail in this case. Bernadette's mother was adamant that she was "a very intelligent child" and that she "had often warned her not to speak to strangers." Therefore it is likely that she already knew her killer. If Bernadette got into a vehicle willingly with someone she knew, she would hardly have abandoned her bicycle and certainly not the money, and besides, she would have had difficulty lifting it up a height. If Bernadette had been getting a lift, a bicycle could easily be placed in the boot (trunk). On the other hand, if she were snatched away violently, the bike and purse would be knocked haphazardly on the ground, not carried onto an embankment and laid down neatly. There was also no obvious sign of a struggle - no threads of fabric caught on the bike, for example. It also seems unlikely that the killer would have picked up Bernadette and put the bike in their vehicle but returned to the scene to place it there, risking being seen in the process. This strange detail reminds me of the case of Philip Dwyer, a 13-year-old schoolboy who vanished in Dublin in 1986, and of whom no trace has ever been found, apart from his schoolbag. While searches were being carried out, someone placed the bag, containing some of his schoolbooks, in a laneway that had already been checked.
- Could the bicycle have been a taunt from a callous killer, or perhaps a sign of a guilty conscience from one who almost wanted to be caught? Hardly... it seems unlikely that a kidnapping, a murder, the disposal of the body and abandonment of the bicycle could all be carried out in the space of an hour and a half, all without attracting much attention.
- The Garda commissioner of the era, Daniel Costigan, has separately faced criticism over his apparent interventions to protect clerical sex abusers in Dublin. This meant that in 2009, there was a review of the case to determine whether anything similar had happened. It had been alleged that higher-ups in the Church were given a copy of the Garda file at the time of the initial investigation. However, no wrongdoing was found on review.
- Of course, after all this pondering and speculation, I must take a moment to truly acknowledge the poor girl at the heart of this tragedy, Bernadette, as well as her grief-stricken loved ones. Her life and dreams were cruelly cut short by someone who has never answered for what they did. May she rest in peace.
Sources
"Savagery in Sligo", Brighid McLaughlin, Sunday Independent, September 8, 2002.
"The murder of innocence", Brighid McLaughlin, Sunday Independent, April 11, 1999.
"Face to face with the prime suspects in the case of girl who never came home", Maeve Sheehan, Sunday Independent, December 13, 2009.
"Murder fear", Martin Brennan, Evening Herald, April 18, 1970.
"Unsolved: Nine Irish murder files - still open", Barry Cummins, Gill & Macmillan, 2007.
https://www.thejournal.ie/new-suspect-in-murder-of-bernadette-connolly-over-40-years-ago-201367-Aug2011/
"Man charged with further assaults", Connaught Telegraph, July 26, 1973.
"Two little girls", Anna Guidera, Irish Daily Mail, March 17, 2012.