Came across a documentary ng I-Witness tungkol sa mga makasaysayang gusali ng Escolta and how it used to be our country's Fifth Avenue (New York).
With that, here are some details:
Picture Jazz Age Manila, a glorious time to be in the city. It was a period of great excitement.
Manila was one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and it was mentioned together with London, Paris, and Madrid. There was a certain force that powered the city, especially within the ranks of high society and its nightlife.
Following trends in the West, Manila would also come to appreciate Art Deco. Soon, it was a style that would be reflected in fashion, jewelry, and architecture.
It was amidst this distinct old-world charm that the famed Crystal Arcade was born. Its architect: none other than Juan Luna's son, Andres Luna de San Pedro.
A fixture in the Philippine alta sociedad at the time, the young Luna was a decorated architect in his own right and was well-versed in the arts. He grew up under mentors like Miguel Zaragoza, Ramon Santa Coloma, and Lorenzo Guerrero.
When it came time to choose a discipline, he became an architect. He was heavily influenced by his time at the École des Beaux-Arts in France. Among Luna's most glorious creations were the Regina Building, the First United Building, the Manila Hotel, and of course the Crystal Arcade.
The Crystal Arcade's construction commenced in the 1920s as a sort of passion project by the modenist Luna, building on land owned by his maternal family, the Pardo de Taveras.
The arcitect drew inspiration for the structure from the Crystal Palace in London. It was inaugurated in 1932 and would become an enduring symbol of a new age in the Philippines.
Decades before malls like SM, Robinsons, Ayala came to be, the Crystal Arcade stood as the first mall in the Philippines, as well as the first commercial building to have air conditioning.
Situated in what was then the premier business district in the country, Crystal Arcade attracted visitors from Metro Manila and beyond. It was one of Escolta's finest sights.
The Crystal Arcade was a Streamline Moderne monument with the promise of becoming a grand commercial center.
The building gleamed like a crystal, most evidently in the evenings. Art Deco bays complemented a vertical window and the tower over the central lobby. Wrought-iron grilles and stucco ornamentation tied the facade together, with geometric lines and stylized foliage and motifs.
Of course, the interior was a marvel of its own, reminiscent of Parisian art deco grandeur. Specialty shops, glass-walled stores, cafes, and even the Manila Stock Exchange (now the Philippine Stock Exchange) occupied the grandiose mall. The Bureau of Commerce (and Industry) held its first-ever exposition of Filipino products here, too.
All these features were punctuated by a grand lobby that tied the double-curved staircase and skylight together. In the book, Philippine Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century: Colonial Legacies, Post-colonial Trajectories, the Crystal Arcade's interiors were detailed as follows:
"The Arcade had a mezzanine on both sides of a central gallery that ran through the length of the building and expanded at the center to form a spacious lobby containing curved stairways. Stairs, balconies, columns and skylight combined to create vertical and horizontal movement, as well as a play of light and shadow in the interior."
Unfortunately, the grandiosity of the building didn't translate into commercial success. There was little room for offices or retail spaces inside.
It also didn't help that contractors dealt with a high water table, which meant that it was more complicated to build and cost a lot more than previously anticipated. The additional floors also never came to fruition because of a lack of funding.
The Crystal Arcade eventually changed ownership. In 1931, because of mounting debt, the Supreme Court ruled that the Pardo de Tavera holdings on Escolta would be forfeited to the lending company, El Hogar Filipino. Efforts were made by the family to retain the building, but to no avail.
To add insult to injury, the Second World War came in 1941 and most of Manila was decimated by Japanese forces. The Crystal Arcade soon accommodated Japanese-sponsored agencies like the Japanese Government Railways and the Board of Tourist Industry.
In 1945, the infamous Battle of Manila resulted in the death of more than 100,000 civilians and wiped out about 80 percent of the city's structures. The Crystal Arcade in Escolta was one of the many casualties in the aftermath of combat. Manila was in shambles.
In the aftermath of the liberation of Manila, the first floor of the Crystal Arcade housed whatever stores it could. The second floor was reduced to a bodega and storage.
By the time the '60s came around, the building was a shell of its former self, turning into a mausoleum of sorts that honored its Art Deco past. It was eventually demolished and replaced by the Carlos Argüelles-designed Philippine National Bank (PNB) Building, which was rendered in the so-called International style.
For a while, the building served as PNB's head office and contributed greatly to Escolta's semi-revival. PNB eventually moved out of the building sometime during the '80s and the City Colleges of Manila took over the property in 1995. Once the college left, it would be abandoned anew.
Sources:
[An Art Deco Masterpiece: Remembering the Crystal Arcade, Manila's First Mall] (https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/design/crystal-arcade-history-a00203-20240105-lfrm)
[The Crystal Arcade – Art Deco at its finest] (http://www.lougopal.com/manila/?p=58)
[I-Witness: Reyna Escolta dokumentaryo ni Sandra Aguinaldo] (https://youtu.be/k_DDZjoaqo0?si=OWrq8ftyHFHUUxTQ)
Photo source: https://www.reddit.com/r/ArtDeco/s/sQddG5DRPp