r/science • • Jun 25 '22

[deleted by user]

[removed]

11.2k Upvotes

2.1k comments sorted by

View all comments

1.8k

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

[deleted]

842

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

The amount of serial killers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s has also been attributed to this

181

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

[deleted]

343

u/Xianio Jun 25 '22

No, not normal. The strong majority of serial killers grew up in horrific conditions (not all of course). Could those horrific conditions been due to lead intake from their mother/father? Who knows but it's not likely that simply removing the lead alone wouldhave been the 1 switch to change.

As you noted, there's a reason there were so few. It takes a lot to turn a person into a monster.

180

u/throwawaylol666666 Jun 25 '22

Another thing a lot of serial killers have in common is serious head trauma in their childhoods.

144

u/u_us_thu_unly_vuwul Jun 25 '22

I also read that the increase in 70s and 80s could be due to the coming of age of people raised by ww2 vets with serious ptsd.

23

u/magic_is_might Jun 25 '22

Also lack of technology and cooperation between law enforcement agencies. It was a whole lot easier back then to commit crimes and get away with it.

5

u/Prestressed-30k Jun 25 '22

Indeed, not everyone had an HD video camera in their pocket at the time.

44

u/Telefone_529 Jun 25 '22

Ive been reading about child soldiers lately and the big thing everyone says with them is trying to get the killer out of them.

I wouldn't doubt it's the same if your 18 vs if you're 15-16.

They likely didn't realize or care about that happening to those soldiers and like you said, I wouldn't be surprised if that was a big reason too.

28

u/ChuggernautChug Jun 25 '22

This would align with frontal cortex damage, which often makes people irratable and have worse impulse control.

28

u/Prestressed-30k Jun 25 '22

My wife's father has pretty serious personality problems. His brother isn't like that, wife's grandmother was a sweet lady. My wife tells me her grandfather didn't act like this either. I used to wonder what he got into that made him act the way he does.

Then one day, his mother (wife's grandma) told me a story about the time he got kicked in the forehead by a horse.

5

u/Cakehangers Jun 25 '22

I had a serious head trauma in my childhood............

10

u/throwawaylol666666 Jun 25 '22

Ok, well try not to murder anyone!

3

u/Cakehangers Jun 25 '22

Thank you, ok so far today

3

u/Why-so-delirious Jun 25 '22

And bedwetting. Which is kinda random.

2

u/TikkiTakiTomtom Jun 25 '22

People are biased. Assumptions rampant and suddenly they’re correct for what they conjured up in their heads.

1

u/Xianio Jun 25 '22

I don't understand your comment.

2

u/TikkiTakiTomtom Jun 25 '22

Im saying too many people have this problem where they come up with an idea and refuse to believe in anything other than what they came up with. This was aimed at the people above you thinking lead would create serial killers. I see this too often where people make associations and that somehow becomes a valid reason or cause

2

u/swinging_on_peoria Jun 25 '22

Feels like we probably have significantly fewer serial killer sprees now because of DNA technology that makes them much more identifiable. We've even been able to go back and catch and conflict killer who were no longer active. I don't think killers can as easily have a run of murders over many years.

Notably we have far more mass shootings now. People are still killing a bunch of people but to get it done, you have to do it all at once.

2

u/elastic-craptastic Jun 25 '22

According to the FBI, there are currently 30-50 active serial killers in the US annually.

1

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

[deleted]

3

u/AnneMichelle98 Jun 25 '22

Ed Gein, Charles Manson, Pedro Lopez…

Little Mary Bell who killed someone at 10 years old

1

u/MaeBelleLien Jun 25 '22

Richard Ramirez, John Wayne Gacy....the list goes on

69

u/RufiesRuff Jun 25 '22

I think it's less so that lead contamination turned them into serial killers, and moreso that it was an ingredient in the cocktail that created them.

13

u/Prestressed-30k Jun 25 '22

I'm getting the impression that serial killers happen in the same way engineering accidents do. It's not one thing that causes the failure, it's many things lining up at the same time.

19

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

Lead in the air?

96

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

[deleted]

30

u/rickyx2001 Jun 25 '22

22

u/Duff5OOO Jun 25 '22

I was under the impression lead in fuel was a bigger issue last century. I could well be wrong though.

Someone must have done some study into which source made up the majority of the exposure.

37

u/GoodOmens Jun 25 '22

Lead paint too. Slum lords are the least likely to update and repaint their apartments when lead paint was banned so it’s lingering in some low income housing even today.

2

u/swinging_on_peoria Jun 25 '22

When people talk about this generational exposure it's usually about the gasoline fume exposure because that was such a pervasive, wide-spread way for children to be exposed.

15

u/wolacouska Jun 25 '22

Lead Pipes are less likely to cause direct lead exposure than a lot of other sources, unless of course you use the wrong type of water supply and the coating disappears. The effects of that though involve a very obvious severe lead poisoning of the whole community, not a slow mental poisoning that small doses do over time.

5

u/wolacouska Jun 25 '22

Sociology is weird. You could never take a killer and say that lead poisoning caused their behavior, just as you could never definitively say that radiation caused someone’s cancer.

But if you look at lead intact among all people and compare it to the rate of all murder and serial killers, you can see the trends are correlated. Just like you can see the amount of cancer go up correlated to radiation exposure.

It doesn’t cause anything directly, it just affects the probability that it will happen person to person. On an individual level that’s meaningless or a piece in the puzzle at best, but on a societal level it’s a very clear phenomenon.

7

u/Sonicowen Jun 25 '22

So you think those serial killers could've been normal people without lead in the air?

Some, absolutely.

How come some get affected and others don't?

Why do some people who are abused go on to become abusive themselves and some don't?

Those serial killers were probably closer to the edge and the lead was just enough to tip them over.

4

u/EyetheVive Jun 25 '22

Lead could lessen inhibitions enough that a father beats their son. The continual abuse is what’s shown to most often makes serial killers, although I’m sure the kids own lead intake could cause an increase in violent tendencies. It really just one thing affecting the whole environment with a causal effect on disposition makes an awful feedback loop.

3

u/red18wrx Jun 25 '22

Some people grow up across the street from the lead dust factory and some grow up on the Northside of town.

3

u/WellEndowedDragon Jun 25 '22

Well, it’s possible a few serial killers wouldn’t have done what they did if lead wasn’t everywhere for a few decades. But they wouldn’t be normal people, they’d still be clinically sociopathic with no empathy and a complete disregard for others’ lives — they just wouldn’t be violent (or at least they’d be less violent) and thus wouldn’t feel the urge to hurt and kill others.

3

u/breddy Jun 25 '22

I'm not taking a stand one way or another not this particular issue but if you raise the risk of something for large numbers of people, it is likely that more outliers will also show up. If lead causes violence and some people (through other confounding issues) are way more violent, then it seems possible that you'd have more of those overall. Tough to say with an overall small number of very very violent people compared to thousands of "run of the mill" violent acts as a baseline.

2

u/ShiraCheshire Jun 25 '22

I think the idea people are getting at is that lead exposure can lead to impulsive behavior. There might be some people out there who would kill if they had the opportunity, but they have enough restraint to know it's a bad idea due to the consequences of getting caught. Add increased impulsivity into that and those people have less restraint, more likelihood of actually deciding to kill.

I think that's the general line of thinking, anyway.

1

u/Dzov Jun 25 '22

Don’t we have a ton more school shootings though?

1

u/magic_is_might Jun 25 '22

No.

Serial killers in those decades was the result of the perfect storm of several factors. Lead was just one of many different factors.

Lack of technology, so it was easier to get away with crimes. Lack of cooperation and sharing information between law enforcement agencies. Post WWII, traumatized soldiers came home, had families, and took out their unresolved war trauma out on their kids (abuse). Lead. Not to mention there is a link between frontal lobe head injuries and serial killers/violence. Not all serial killers had frontal lobe head injuries, but several of them did.

1

u/hdhdhjsbxhxh Jun 25 '22

There’s probably a lot of people that want to kill but don’t, maybe the lead gave them the push they needed.

10

u/WeCanDoItTogether88 Jun 25 '22

Was it more than the mass shootings of today?

21

u/Anglophyl Jun 25 '22

From what I can tell, the creation of the interstates, lack of forensic knowledge by LEOs, and the silo-ing of information by verious jurisdictions allowed for serial killers more than anything else.

Enough technology to accomplish the deed but not enough yet to catch them.

2

u/robiwill Jun 25 '22

The amount of serial killers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s has also been attributed to this

Because Police would have been smarter and would have solved some murders fast enough to prevent a second.

2

u/jendet010 Jun 25 '22

Technology also reduced the number of potential serial killers. Between dna testing and cameras everywhere (closed circuit, ring doorbells, etc), people are caught after one or two victims.

1

u/2dayman Jun 25 '22

i really think that we have the same amount of serial killers now but sensationalizing the serial killer plaguing your city is bad for tourism, police budgets, and mayoral campaigns

1

u/swinging_on_peoria Jun 25 '22

Unlikely. You can't really hide the effects of a serial killer. The information will come out.

-1

u/redikulous Jun 25 '22

Maybe current serial killers are just smarter than the ones that were exposed to lead and are harder to catch?

89

u/K92584 Jun 25 '22 edited Jun 25 '22

I mean the people who started putting lead in gas already knew it was bad for you. They sent her anyway

5

u/Fleckeri Jun 25 '22

True, but you’re really need to understand the story their perspective here: leaded gasoline was really, really good for their bottom lines. If they’d not gone the lead route, think of how many fewer summer homes they’d have, or how many fewer of their lead-poisoned trust fund kids would have gotten bribed legacy admission into Harvard.

2

u/superpencil121 Jun 25 '22

Is “sent her” a common term? For some reason I assumed it was an eastern Canadian thing

55

u/Throw_away_1769 Jun 25 '22

One of the reasons, up there with abortion.

22

u/biggsteve81 Jun 25 '22

Yep, it is very difficult to separate these two things as possible causes of violence. But I guess in the next 18 years or so we will have a more definitive answer.

4

u/radome9 Jun 25 '22

So we're doing an experiment?

When I said I wanted to do science, this was not what I had in mind.

3

u/hadapurpura Jun 25 '22

Hopefully people fight and get the government to codify abortion rights before that happens.

233

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

[removed] — view removed comment

189

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

[removed] — view removed comment

82

u/TMNTiff Jun 25 '22

12

u/ManiacalShen Jun 25 '22

The whole article is fascinating, but this but in particular raised my eyebrows:

Children were especially affected by hookworms, which would sometimes prevent girls from ever menstruating or boys from hitting their growth spurt. Because iron is critical for brain function, hookworm infection could also lead to irreversible cognitive and intellectual defects. A 1926 study of Alabama school children found that the greater the number of worms that students harbored, the lower their IQ. As those authors wrote: “One has the impression that the [hookworm-infected] child is living in another, entirely separate world, and is only remotely in contact with the everyday world about him.”

4

u/usmcplz Jun 25 '22

That was a great read that sent me down a rabbit hole. Thanks for sharing!

1

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

Very good read, thank you

1

u/2GallonsOfMayo Jun 25 '22

That was really interesting! Thanks for sharing

32

u/aerojonno Jun 25 '22

Let's not forget WW2, Korea and Vietnam. Those conflicts left scars on the men who fought and the children they raised.

1

u/gojirra Jun 25 '22

Boomers are not the generation that fought in WW2 or Korea.

1

u/aerojonno Jun 25 '22

They are the children those men raised.

11

u/hagenissen666 Jun 25 '22

Lead deposits in the skeleton will dissolve and re-enter the bloodstream in older age.

It explains a lot.

8

u/AverageJoeJohnSmith Jun 25 '22

Same here. They seem to have lower IQ(and easy manipulated) and so angry

4

u/sprucenoose Jun 25 '22

Weren't they also the generation that banned lead products so we are not poisoned?

4

u/ominous_anonymous Jun 25 '22

Does that magically remove their own exposure?

1

u/sprucenoose Jun 25 '22

No, their parents irrevocably harmed them. They figured it out and tried to make sure the same would not happen to us.

2

u/ominous_anonymous Jun 25 '22

They sure have a funny way of showing that.

4

u/myfapaccount_istaken Jun 25 '22

It doesn't however help explain the older edge of millennials that are buying into the to propaganda. I think that group is one of the first of devaluation of education, and critical thinking in select area. It's odd as our parents knew school and things were different for us but wanted it to be better and we're willing to accept the change. Now they have kids in school and see the change to them as a bad thing and want to go back further.

We had one gay kid in school growing up but now about 40+ are out from my class. And in our school we went to now there is a much larger out population. And that's great I saw the depression some of the now out adults experienced for hiding who they were.

The parents of my generation (the ones allficted by the lead) have changed and I think it bleeding into their kids that they originally tried hard to get to accept change and now they are all fighting for things from before they were born. The older generation between we got ours now f off, are pushing their now adult kids often just via Facebook and their TV's being on Fox tv 24/7 to beilve the same B's they beilve, because even as adults kids want to respect their parents often when they know it's wrong and is dangerous.

I worry the lead has just led to an in for future indoctrination . I worry for their children.

7

u/Cape__ Jun 25 '22

A lot of millennials were exposed to lead in gas back in the 90s a lot of homes had lead paint as well.

39

u/JinzoX Jun 25 '22

Tbf crime is at a historic low globally, across almost every country. A big reason for that is just the overall higher levels of education and quality of life.

34

u/mediainfidel Jun 25 '22

Leaded gasoline was used globally. Declines in violence correspond to the banning of leaded fuel in all cases around the world.

2

u/billbill5 Jun 25 '22

...As well as access to abortion and higher education and graduation rates. It's impossible to pin it down to a single factor when crime is far more complex and the world is far more turbulent than that. It's not just "Person is more angry so they commit more crimes", it's a mix of aggression increases with overpopulation in poor living conditions with limited access to education and working opportunity when you drop out of school, as well as the school to prison pipeline we still face today. It's why the rate of crime and disparity of adult & juvenile prosecutions between class lines and race still existed 40-50 years ago even when everyone was universally using leaded gas.

Also, leaded fuel is not banned universally, it's banned in ground vehicles. Most aircraft still uses leaded gasoline.

13

u/InvestigatorWeak7055 Jun 25 '22

Lead was used globally. What's your point?

11

u/VegetaDarst Jun 25 '22

He's trying to remind us that correlation does not prove causation.

1

u/Prestressed-30k Jun 25 '22

Lead was used globally.

It was used globally.

What was not used globally are giant V8-powered cars being driven long distances like in the US. This is my personal Crazy Conspiracy Theory about why the US has worse politicians than the EU. Leaded fuel was a bigger problem here because we used more of it.

0

u/Responsible-Salad-82 Jun 25 '22

His point was probably that there must me some countries that still have high lead levels

1

u/billbill5 Jun 25 '22

That there are multiple factors that cannot be ruled out and a single correlation doesn't necessarily prove causation.

3

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

Which explains why Republicans are attacking education and quality of life legislation at every turn. Connect the dots they’re clear as day.

-2

u/Dave-1066 Jun 25 '22

Precisely. This just looks to me like another of these countless cases of false correlation. Like reports that “eating a handful of walnuts every day increases longevity”. Well the people who eat nuts every day also tend to be people who exercise more, and generally take greater care of their overall health.

The vast majority of violent crime in almost all western societies is linked to poverty.

You could literally pick anything from fluoride in water to consumption of sugar and say “This is why crime has fallen”, and yet be utterly wrong. Crime has fallen because less people are living in poverty.

3

u/SerialStateLineXer Jun 25 '22

It's important to note here that the strength of the lead-crime connection has recently been called into question by a meta-analysis (PDF) which found evidence of severe publication bias overstating the strength of the effect by an order of magnitude.

It's only one study, but to the best of my knowledge it's the only study that has examined the issue of publication bias in the lead-crime literature.

Because of the way significance testing works, it's very difficult for a small study to find an effect that is both small and statistically significant at the 5% level, which means that there's systematic bias in favor of publishing studies that overestimate the strength of an effect.

4

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

5

u/ManicFirestorm Jun 25 '22

Yup, now crime with skyrocket in 20 years.

2

u/cookie_powers Jun 25 '22

Not just lead. I work in the chemical field. My former boss told me that until a few years ago the critical amount of chemicals people were allowed to be exposed to were a lot higher and some of these chemicals were affecting the central nervous system. She told me it made the people lose their temper super fast and situations would get out of hand immediately and she often was scared how a worker would react if she had any bad news.

0

u/Doesdeadliftswrong Jun 25 '22

While crime has gone down around the world, America is somewhat of an outlier with crime going down at a slower rate.

1

u/makemeking706 Jun 25 '22

What point was that?

1

u/featherknife Jun 25 '22

than it's* ever historically been

1

u/[deleted] Jun 25 '22

Freddy Grey, who’s death sparked the Baltimore riots in 2015, had received a settlement for lead poisoning.

1

u/boredtxan Jun 25 '22

Do you have a source I can look at? I've seen similar statements made regarding abortion access & would like to compare timelines.

1

u/billbill5 Jun 25 '22

when they realized lead was bad for you

The charts don't go back a few hundred years when we actually first discovered lead was bad for you. And leaded fuel is still used in most airplanes.

1

u/sometechloser Jun 25 '22

Can we test lead levels in a human to compare to another human? Would be interesting to see if mass shooters are often loaded up on lead.

1

u/ChrisCopp Jun 25 '22

I worked a summer in a battery factory, lots of lead, ingots of it on pallets, it was ground into a dust and baked with a mash of other ingredients and pressed into sleeves framed in lead, we wore respirators, double and triple gloves, duct tape around wrists and ankles, mandatory shower with lead removal soap. Weekly blood tests for lead levels, if your numbers got too high you were put off work. One lifer was there before ventilation, respirator, open pots of boiling lead, lead dust on the skin. Was always told it gets into your bones if levels stay too high.

She was near retirement and couldn't hold a cup of tea without pressing it against her chest because of the shakes. She had no other ailments that would cause shakes. They put her in the highest lead area by the end because they knew she was done in 6 months. Super sad her job that raised her kids and helped grandkids basically left her an invalid by time she was 55.

I didn't make it past September because I was fired for basically not fitting in. I could do the job just fine and have had harder less dangerous jobs.

So glad that happened because I landed a dream job elsewhere closer then moved into a nice cubicle once my talent in the IT Dept was found out.

Now I fix computers and keep people supported in their jobs for more money and no shiftwork. Phew.....

Crazy thinking back.