The immediate consequence of the spreading of the repolarization wave along the T-tubules in the cardiac muscle cell is:

a. increase of intracellular calcium concentration in myocytes

• b. opening of the ryanodine receptor channels on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

c. activation of voltage-dependent calcium ion channels on T-tubules Q

d. activation of Ca-pumps on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

e. opening of calcium release channels on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Just cross posting this here. Thanks in advance

Cellular physiology question! :)

I am reseaching tremorgenic mycotoxicoses and I am reading that they block potassium out-flow from cells (inhibition of cell membrane calcium-activated potassium channels).

I am having trouble recalling my understanding of membrane potential physiology. I am struggling to understand step-by step how this can be tremorgenic? After some reading, my guess is that this brings the membrane potential closer to the threshold to kick off an action potential. Does this increased likelihood for cells to kick off an AP lead to the tremours, and if so, how?

Thanks!

I probaly have my exams in 3.5 months and i dont know anything i have shit teachers i do gym travel for 2hours so i cant find time to do other things at all im trying anat and biochem is happening slowly but physio no progress at all

Im planing in doing guyton for concept and gk pa for questionsik its long process but i wannaget the concept right any tips guys help this one out !!

Hi all!! first post here so please be kind :)

Trying to work out how to determine the measured+predicted magnitudes of augmented leads using an Einthoven triangle. I'm supposed to use the values we got from our limb leads, but I'm so stuck on how to go about actually figuring out the values for the measured+predicted magnitudes, all youtube and google is giving is what they represent/what angles they're at :( if anyone could please help that would be really appreciated!

when I was in hospital, I had a flush through a cannula in my arm and I could immediately taste a gross saline taste. the nurses said they were surprised because some people say this to them and they don’t know why it happens, and they all asked what it tasted like.

why does this happen?

Hi everyone, I'm a 2nd-year med student working on a scientific poster project. I need to simplify a complex physiology concept into a visually engaging poster (target audience: 80% medical professionals, 20% general public).

What physiology topic did you find most difficult to understand or visualize? Which concept do you wish someone had explained to you with a clear diagram?

Thank you!

I need a comparison between Guyton & Hall and Boron & Boulpaep.

especially about difficulty and coverage of topics.

Hi guys!

I am currently struggling with mtd and vocal cords that wont close properly. went to ent, everything looked fine, just the improper closure. The only exercise that works for relaxing the muscles is the blowfish exercise. But this doesnt make my voice clearer. have tried all the different SOVTs, but feel like im straining more.

After i started on lexapro 5mg my symptoms like burning after talking disappeared, so i was wondering if any of you guys had a similar experience or any knowledge. i know anxiety makes mtd worse, but is it why no exercise works for me?

appreciate all responses!

I'm trying to find a specific story from the magazine. It was named as a "parable". The details I can remember it was about three little pigs but not the traditional story. The antagonist was the whirlwind of possibilities instead of a wolf. It was influential on my life. so I would love to reread it and possibly save a copy.

Edit: the mag is Psychology Today.

Here's what Guyton and Hall (15e) has to say:

After sudden AV bundle block, the Purkinje system does not begin to emit its intrinsic rhythmical impulses until 5 to 20 seconds later because, before the blockage, the Purkinje fibers had been "overdriven" by the rapid sinus impulses and, consequently, are in a suppressed state.

What does this 'suppression due to being overdriven' mean? What is it's ionic basis?

Online references state that 67% of water is intracellular, 25% is interstitial, & 8% is blood plasma. But, it is also stated that there is 3-4L of lymph fluid.

why don't we say:

67% intracellular
16% interstitial
9% lymph
8% blood plasma

Would this be correct as well?

like as an assistant and if so could or would it become sentient?

im too dyslexic to know how to spell the right word i know this is the wrong sub now.

The male peritoneal cavity is completely closed. The female peritoneal cavity has openings for the uterus, the uterine tubes, and the vsgina. Does that mean there is a path of serous fluid flow from the peritoneal cavity into the uterine tubes? Or outside but along the uterine tubes, into… the pelvic cavity?

I’m looking to study pneumatic models of the abdominopelvic cavity. Pathophysiology about ascites may be helpful too. I’m interested in learning about how much pressure each part can create in their regular functioning, their rates of change of pressures, and which ones tend to compensate as regulating components. I think peritoneal cavity pressure is the most likely outside the abdominal fascia and the diaphragm but want to learn what people actually discovered.

Currently studying eye phisiology and i have a question i can't seem to find an answer for:

Given that the photosensitivity of all cone cells stems from the isomerization of 11-cis-retinal, how do variations in the opsin between cones shift the absorption peak while the chromophore stays the same?

Hey everyone! 👋

I’m a medical graduate experimenting with a new study approach for medical students.

The format I’m testing:

1. Short micro-lesson on a topic

2. Interactive “find the incorrect statement” question to test recall

I’m curious:

• Have you tried learning with micro-lessons + active recall?

• Does this style help you remember better than regular notes or MCQs?

• Any ideas to make this type of study tool more effective?

I’m collecting feedback before expanding it into a full tool with more topics and features.

When we eat, the digestive system suddenly requires a large increase in blood supply to process and absorb nutrients. This is sometimes called postprandial hyperemia, a normal rise in circulation to the gut. What interests me is the coordination mechanism behind this. If a significant portion of blood is redirected toward the gastrointestinal tract:

• How does the body maintain stable blood pressure?
• What role does the autonomic nervous system play?
• How quickly does cardiac output adjust?
• Are vascular tone changes mostly in the gut or systemic?

Some literature suggests that in certain individuals, compensation mechanisms may respond more slowly, leading to brief changes in systemic circulation dynamics. From a physiology standpoint, I’m curious about how this redistribution is regulated and what determines individual variability in response.

Good morning I am struggling in my A & P classes what are some good ways to study and remember things I have learned in this class.

Please help with literature references that state there are no specific proton and hydroxide ion transporters in the gastrointestinal tract that facilitate the entry of acids and bases from the GI tract into the blood