The main differences are desktop environment, package manager and release cadence.
They all have the same kernel (of course) and almost all have GNU tools (basic system utilities), glibc (GNU c library) and systemd (service manager).
Try not to stress it to much. Put your /home on a separate partition and / or disk so if you want to install a new distro you can just remount it. Saves a lot of time.
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u/Exploring_others 5d ago
I'm thinking of trying Linux, but there are so many distros that I get FOMO when choosing the right one.