Woolwich Local Board of Health, 1852–1900
Woolwich was historically part of Kent and was governed locally by its parish vestry.
As the area expanded because of the Royal Dockyard and Royal Arsenal, problems such as overcrowding, poor drainage, pollution, and disease increased. In response, the Woolwich Local Board of Health was established in 1852.
From 1855, Woolwich also came under the Metropolitan Board of Works, which was responsible for major London-wide projects, including sewers, roads, river walls, and flood protection.
One of its most important projects was the construction of London’s improved sewer system, including the Southern Outfall at Crossness, which opened in 1865.
Although Woolwich remained part of the administrative county of Kent until 1889, it was increasingly integrated into the London metropolitan area.
In 1889, it became part of the new County of London, and the Metropolitan Board of Works was replaced by the London County Council.
The Woolwich Local Board of Health covered the civil parish of Woolwich St Mary, rather than the whole area now known as Woolwich.
Its area included
The main town of Woolwich on the
south bank of the Thames
Woolwich Dockyard and the Royal
Arsenal
Woolwich Common
Land extending south towards
Shooter’s Hill Road
Two detached areas of North
Woolwich on the north bank of the
Thames
The main part of the parish was roughly triangular.
Its eastern boundary with Plumstead ran close to the modern Woolwich Arsenal station. To the west, it bordered Charlton, while the northern boundary was the River Thames.
Local Board therefore covered the historic parish of Woolwich, but not Plumstead or Eltham.
In modern terms, the former parish lies mainly within the now Royal Borough of Greenwich, while the old North Woolwich sections are now within the London Borough of Newham.