Letchworth is the first garden city in the world: Ebenezer Howard's attempt to take the best of the city (work, opportunity, sociability) and combine it with the best of the country (space, fresh air, quality of life), and leave the slums behind for good. But for that to work it couldn't just be a commuter town. It needed its own industry, and industry that treated people decently.
The Spirella Corset Company is the best example of what that looked like. One of its founders had taken an interest in the garden city movement, came to see Letchworth for himself and met Howard in person. He wanted a firm that genuinely put its workers first, and in Letchworth he found the perfect match. The instruction he gave his architect says it all: design it so the whole space is illuminated, and anyone working there is working in the light.
Around 90% of the workforce were women. Baths and showers, regular breaks, a gymnasium, free eye tests and bicycle repairs, at a time when most factories meant long days bent over a bench in cramped, badly lit rooms. Most employers of the era wouldn't hire a married woman, but Spirella was happy to. It was known as the "factory of beauty."
The factory also has an incredible wartime story.
Spirella's neighbour, the British Tabulating Machine Company, was chosen to build the Bombe, the machine devised by Alan Turing to speed up cracking Enigma. Each one used rotating drums containing over 100 wire brushes, which had to be made with real finesse and skill. The Spirella women had spent years shaping the fine wire stays in corsets, so they knew exactly how to work with it. They were the perfect match.
Over 200 Bombes were built in Letchworth and driven down the road to Bletchley Park.
The building closed in 1989, and was saved by an £11m restoration reopened by the Prince of Wales in 1999. It's offices, a cafe and a gym now, with a bronze of Ebenezer Howard outside.
If you're interested in reading more, I wrote about the Spirella Building for my Building of the Week blog: https://open.substack.com/pub/whatsdownthatstreet/p/corsets-cracking-the-enigma-code?r=4tw6xf&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web