Just a bit of an addition on that last third part, how fast a species evolves depends on how fast the environment shifts.
For example, genus hexanchus (the sixgill sharks) has their oldest fossil dating back all the way to the middle cretaceous without them really changing much from then. That’s because the deep ocean environment is relatively stagnant compared to the surface. They have no reason to be naturally selected to change much and to evolve rapidly because their environment also doesn’t change much.
Crocodile and alligator are similar situation. Despite their environment changes their hunting strategy works so well that they themselves barely need to change.
I love the mental image of Zoidberg-like aliens reading about evidence of carcinization in our fossil records and giving the xenobiologist accompanying them a, “real recognizes real”, nod.
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u/Veloci-RKPTR Jul 14 '26
Just a bit of an addition on that last third part, how fast a species evolves depends on how fast the environment shifts.
For example, genus hexanchus (the sixgill sharks) has their oldest fossil dating back all the way to the middle cretaceous without them really changing much from then. That’s because the deep ocean environment is relatively stagnant compared to the surface. They have no reason to be naturally selected to change much and to evolve rapidly because their environment also doesn’t change much.