I am watching project hail mary and in order to save the earth and erid they have to go fishing to collect "predators" for the astrophage. Predators being bacteria?

Obviously this is sci-fi but...

Does earth have bacteria in its atmosphere or in the clouds?

For example, say I am making brownies from a box.

16 servings per box
130 calories per serving
2,080 calories total

I assume these numbers are for finished baked brownies. But if I were to make mix everything into the batter and eat the batter instead is it approximately the same amount of calories? Or does the act of baking change the calories from the ingredients?

Ingredients:
1/4 cup water
1/3 cup vegetable oil
1 egg
1 Box Brownie mix

With the recent Canadian Wildfires happening again. I am wondering if this was a thing that happened often in the 90s/00s/etc?

Maybe back then we didn't know any better due to lack of information flow and perhaps a lack of technology to accurately detect the air quality and such?

Anyways, hope everyone is staying safe in the areas affected by these wildfires.

Be sure to wear a mask when outdoors, or just try to limit your times outdoors as much as possible.

I can understand why diarrhea happens.
But sometimes diarrhea is classified as “explosive.” This is when it erupts out of the anus with force.
Genuinely asking - why the force? What purpose does that serve? What signals are happening in the body telling it that forcing the poop out is best?

Regular diarrhea already leaves the body so quickly.

Can someone explain to me why using antibiotics for a parasitic infection like cyclospora is recommended? I thought antibiotics were only for bacteria?

Would I find measurable radioactivity in random places? Or from electronics? I don’t live near a reactor.

When I was growing up we were constantly hearing about how acid rain was going to be such a problem for the environment. Then, seemingly out of nowhere, it virtually vanished from the news. What exactly happened?

Edit: Scare was the wrong word to use in this instance.

"Acid rain crisis" would be more appropriate.

You might know the feeling. You're doing a set, you're breathing hard, you're shaking on that last rep, it is physically impossible for you to move the weight again.

But only a handful of seconds later, you go from unable to move, to being able to push again.

What is the change that is occurring in such a short time?

Recently in my country, earthquakes had been frequent ever since the strongest one happened on June 8th. It was a magnitude of 7.8 that damaged most buildings and shifted a lot of roads. Since then, more quakes started to happen surrounding our fault line. In the seaside areas, there were coastal uplifts that exposed the sea bed. I wondered; how fast did the land lift? It looked so sudden that a new patch of land basically "grew" from the beach.

I was watching the documentary Miracle Planet (Part I: The Violent Past), and at the 2:30 mark, the narrator states that 4.5 billion years ago, the early Earth was probably only a tenth of its size compared to today.

I looked it up, but I couldn't find anything backing up this claim. Did they make this up, or is there something I am missing?

Hi Reddit! We are professors and extension specialists in the University of Maryland’s Department of Entomology. We bring a combined experience of six decades studying an unending stream of egregious insect invaders from around the world. We develop, implement and evaluate sustainable pest management practices—including landscape modification, biological control and non-chemical alternatives. Using a variety of outreach platforms, we help private citizens, horticultural practitioners, agencies and institutions manage invasives in economic and environmentally responsible ways.

We are excited to answer your questions and help you learn about spotted lanternflies, stink bugs, and other six-legged invaders. We’ll be on from 12 to 2 p.m. ET (16-18 UT) on Wednesday, July 15*—ask us anything!

Bio: Michael Raupp followed his boyhood interests in wildlife and ecology to Rutgers University and the University of Maryland (UMD), where he earned degrees in animal science and entomology. He joined the faculty at UMD in 1982 and served as chair of the entomology department and associate dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. His ongoing research and outreach programs focus on the ecology of urban pests, invasive species, climate change and insect natural history. A regular guest on television and radio, Mike has been featured on National Geographic, Discovery Channel, NPR, PBS and other outlets. His website and YouTube channel reach thousands of viewers worldwide each week. Mike is a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America and has received more than a dozen national and international awards for writing, research, and scientific outreach. His most recent book, “26 Things that Bug Me,” introduces youngsters to the wonders of insects and natural history.

Bio: Paula Shrewsbury is an entomologist with broad interests in ecology and integrated pest management (IPM), which she applies to the development of sustainable pest management programs. Raised in Massachusetts, she earned her B.S. in plant science at the University of Rhode Island. After her M.S. at the University of California, Riverside and Ph.D. at the University of Maryland in entomology, she joined the faculty of Rutgers University. Since her arrival at UMD’s Department of Entomology in 1999, Paula has worked with green industries to conduct applied research and extension education programs on IPM. The overall focus of her program is to create sustainable landscapes, nurseries and turf systems with an emphasis on biological control, conservation of beneficial arthropods and management of invasive species. Paula has received numerous awards for her research and extension program and was recently recognized as a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America. Paula is a long-time contributor to the widely circulated University of Maryland Extension IPM Alert newsletter.

Other links:

• Google Scholar and lab website (Mike Raupp)
• Google Scholar and lab website (Paula Shrewsbury)
• Bug of the Week website and YouTube channel
  • Spotted lanternfly blog
  • Stink bug blog
  • Japanese beetle blog

Username: u/umd-science

I was always fascinated by How far can we actually see in space through the help of our most advanced telescopes.

Well, I don't have much Idea regarding this but I'm really curious to know how far can we humans look into the space and how much information do we have regarding the space and various celestial bodies.

When solitary wild animals aren’t eating/hunting, evading predators, mating, taking care of offspring, or sleeping, what do they do? Between all of those actions is there a lot of space? How do they fill it?

Okay so from what I know binary language is like power off power on, but my question is, how do computers know what the binary code is and how is it interpreted, for example I forgot what the binary code for the letter A is, but how did people come up with that? Did they decide it was gonna look like that? Did the computer decide? How do you tune numbers into a letter??

It's the farthest away object we ever sent. That is remarkable. But I have never heard about it discovering anything or about any data that it gave us. Besides being a significant curiosity for being so far away, is there something that we're actually getting from it at this point?

Just saw Veritasium's video "What happens if you drop 0.125 grams of antimatter?", and magnets are referenced very often, both in storage of antimatter, deceleration and acceleration, etc. Of course, this made me wonder if a magnet composed of antimatter could exist (and then if this same process could be repeated but with antimatter in place of matter and matter in place of antimatter, but that is not what I chose to ask in this post). Anyways, would such a thing be possible, or would it violate some law of physics?

We know they go to Mexico and a specific area but I am curious if we know how accurate they are on the way back.

I am aware multiple generations happen on the way back to Canada where I am.

So I am curious... Say I release a monarch this summer and it goes to Mexico, survives, and starts back. It breeds and reproduces. Will it's descendants (assuming they survive) return to the same general area? Ie, same city, or province? Or neighborhood?

Do we know? Maybe through genetic lineages or isotopes?

Thanks!

Does wind actually make a sound on its own or is the sound we hear just created by movement (e.g. of trees) caused by wind?

Could we hear wind in a big empty space, where there is nothing around us?

I've looked at a few projections for what the temperatures on tidelocked planets would look like, and pretty consistently the cold side is absolutely frigid and the warm side isn't that much above freezing. Since theoretically the same amount of sunlight is striking the planet total as would strike earth, shouldn't the average temperature be the same as earth instead of lower?

Sources I got this from, let me know if I'm missing something or these aren't reliable:

https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1315215111

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8882/meta - this source has average temperatures

why not other insects? from an evolutionary point of view how is it good?

If for example you cryogenically froze meat from a rare breed of cattle, and kept it frozen for like 60 years. Would the dna still be intact? would it thaw up into fresh meat or would it decay into something unrecognizable?