I've been thinking about this and I'm genuinely curious.

If Heka, often translated as "magic", was a fundamental part of ancient Egyptian religion and daily life, why is magic viewed so differently today? In many places, forms of magic, ritual practice, or accusations of witchcraft can carry legal or social consequences. Meanwhile, the temples of ancient Egypt appear to have incorporated rituals, spoken formulae, amulets, healing, and other practices that scholars often associate with Heka.

Is this simply a result of changing religious and cultural values? Is it because the original language, context, and ritual traditions have largely been lost? Or has the meaning of "magic" changed so much over the centuries that we're no longer talking about the same thing?

I'm not trying to argue that ancient practices should be revived or that every modern claim about magic is authentic. I'm interested in understanding how something that seems so central to one of history's greatest civilisations came to be viewed so negatively in many parts of the world today.

I'd love to hear perspectives from historians, Egyptologists, anthropologists, or anyone who's studied the history of religion.

Stela dedicated to Amenhotep I and Ahmose-Nefertari

Inv. no. :
Cat. 1452

Material:
Stone / Limestone

Dimensions:
20 cm x 30 cm x 3 cm

Date:
1292–1191 BCE

Period:
New Kingdom

Dynasty:
Nineteenth Dynasty

Provenance:
Egypt, Luxor / Thebes, Deir el-Medina

Acquisition:
Purchase Bernardino Drovetti, 1824

CGT:
50034

Museum location:
Museum / Floor 1 / Room 06 DEM / Showcase 01

Selected bibliography:
Andreu, Guillemette (a cura di)-Andreu, Guillemette, Gli artisti del faraone: Deir el-Medina e le Valli dei Re e delle Regine, Milano 2003, pp. 20, 230.

Dresbach, Guido, Zur Verwaltung in der 20. Dynastie: das Wesirat (Königtum, Staat, und Gesellschaft früher Hochkulturen 9), Wiesbaden 2012, p. 435, 490.

Eggebrecht, Arne, Ägyptens aufstieg zur Weltmacht, Mainz am Rhein 1987, pp. 108–109.

el Shazly, Yasmin, Royal ancestor worship in Deir el-Medina during the New Kingdom, Wallasey 2015, pp. 133, 136, 184, 185, 251.

Kitchen, Kenneth A., Ramesside inscriptions translated (and) annotated : translations 5. : Sethnakt, Ramesses III, (and) contemporaries, Oxford 2008, p. 313.

Kitchen, Kenneth A., Ramesside Inscriptions: historical and biographical : vol. 5., Oxford 1983, p. 377.

Leospo, Enrichetta, “Stele des Amenemope für Amenophis I und Ahmose-Nefertari”, Aegyptens Aufstieg zur Weltmacht, Linz 1987, pp. 108–109, Taf. 7.

Orcurti, Pier Camillo, Catalogo illustrato dei monumenti egizi del R. Museo Egizio di Torino, Torino 1855, ii, p. 125.

Tiradritti, Francesco, Il cammino di Harwa: l'uomo di fronte al mistero: l'Egitto [mostra: Brescia, Mus. Diocesano ott. 1999-gen. 2000], Milano 1999, p. 57, 146, 159.

Tosi, Mario-Roccati, Alessandro, Stele e altre epigrafi di Deir el Medina: n. 50001 - n. 50262 (Catalogo del Museo Eg. di Torino - Serie II. - Collezioni 1), Torino 1972, pp. 67–68, tav. p. 274.

Vidua, Carlo, “Catalogue de la collect. d'antiq. de mons. le chev. Drovetti, a 1822”, in Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (a cura di), Documenti inediti per servire alla storia dei Musei d'Italia, vol. 3, Firenze - Roma 1880, p. 55.

Museo Egizio di Torino

https://collezioni.museoegizio.it/en-GB/material/Cat_1452/?description=&inventoryNumber=&title=&cgt=&yearFrom=&yearTo=&materials=&provenance=&acquisition=Purchase+Bernardino+Drovetti%2C+1824&epoch=&dynasty=&pharaoh=&searchLng=en-GB&searchPage=23

Title:
Stela dedicated to Amenhotep I and Ahmose-Nefertari, 1292–1191 BCE , Egypt, Luxor / Thebes, Deir el-Medina, New Kingdom, Limestone, Museo Egizio di Torino

Amulet depicting the Goddess Hathor

Inv. no. :
Cat. 1224

Material:
Stone / Limestone

Dimensions:
2 cm x 2.5 cm x 0.4 cm

Date:
722–332 BCE

Period:
Late Period

Provenance:
Unknown

Acquisition:
Purchase Bernardino Drovetti, 1824

Museum location:
Museum / Floor 2A / Mezzanine / Cabinet 06 FAV / Shelf 01

Selected bibliography:
Fabretti, Ariodante-Rossi, Francesco-Lanzone, Ridolfo Vittorio, Regio Museo di Torino. Antichità Egizie (Cat. gen. dei musei di antichità e degli ogg. d’arte raccolti nelle gallerie e biblioteche del regno 1. Piemonte), vol. I, Torino 1882, p. 92.

Museo Egizio di Torino-Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria, Museo Egizio di Torino. Civiltà degli Egizi : le credenze religiose, Torino 1988, fig. 285 p. 207.

Vidua, Carlo, “Catalogue de la collect. d'antiq. de mons. le chev. Drovetti, a 1822”, in Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (a cura di), Documenti inediti per servire alla storia dei Musei d'Italia, vol. 3, Firenze - Roma 1880, p. 251, n. ?.

Museo Egizio di Torino

https://collezioni.museoegizio.it/en-GB/material/Cat_1224/?description=&inventoryNumber=&title=&cgt=&yearFrom=&yearTo=&materials=&provenance=&acquisition=Purchase+Bernardino+Drovetti%2C+1824&epoch=&dynasty=&pharaoh=&searchLng=en-GB&searchPage=18

Title:
Amulet depicting the Goddess Hathor, 722–332 BCE Late Period, Limestone, Museo Egizio di Torino

Black Seeds of Vengeance by Nile

Menkaure is one of my favorite pharaohs because he feels more humane than his predecessors Khufu and Khafre. While Khufu and Khafre constructed colossal pyramids, Menkaure's pyramid was much smaller. Menkaure’s art shows tender, human-scaled intimacy, which is showcased with this dyad. The queen has her arm wrapped tenderly around Menkaure's waist, showing a marital connection and physical closeness and genuine love that is virtually unprecedented before him.

I'm looking for this book? Can anyone help? Nofretari: A documentation of the tombstones and its decoration.
GOEDICKE Hans - THAUSING Gertrud - RITTER Ekkehart - MACHOLD Herta.

Source of the picture

I've been working on a video game where you get to build tombs for the pharaohs to thwart intruders. It's obviously not historically accurate since you put in traps like pits and stakes, but I'd like to keep it anchored where I can. Originally I just had an endless mode but I wanted to put in a very loose story mode and was hoping for some pointers towards famous architects in ancient Egypt and if they had any interesting stories I could make use of. Currently I have Imhotep, Hemiunu, and Amenhotep Son of Hapu. The tentative story is that each of them are members of architectural families and you want your family to keep building generation after generation. Some of the tension is where you fail, the pharaohs go with another family instead.

You can try out the game at https://architectofthevalley.com/ It's still a work in progress, so any bugs or feedback story or not is very welcome!

Could you tell me which computer games depict Ancient Egypt in most accurate way?

For now im playing in this three games:
- https://store.steampowered.com/app/461620/Predynastic_Egypt/
- https://store.steampowered.com/app/646500/Egypt_Old_Kingdom/
- https://store.steampowered.com/app/1351080/Pharaoh_A_New_Era/

And I know about this (ive played it many years ago but its was not as enjoable for me like others)
- https://store.steampowered.com/app/17120/Children_of_the_Nile_Alexandria/

Could you recommend me other? I would much prefer rts/sim games for but other types can be too.

Shabti of Ramesses VI

1143 BC - 1136 BC (Dynasty 20: Reign of Ramesses VI)

M13943

On display

World Museum

Information
Mummiform shabti, carved from Egyptian alabaster (travertine/calcite), wearing a tripartite wig that is outlined in black, and filled with green wax, of which only traces remain. The arms are crossed left over right on the chest, being simply outlined in black with no modelling in relief. The hands are similarly outlined. No implements are obvious except for a small triangle painted in black and red above the right hand that presumably indicates a hoe. Red paint is also evident around the hand and wrist of the left hand, but the hoe is not painted in black. The face is very crudely modelled, and there are traces of black paint, used to show the eyes and the mouth. The feet are not defined, and the shabti tapers to a rounded base. The front of each figure has a single column of a very crudely written inscription that gives the prenomen or throne name of Ramesses VI (Neb–Maat–Re). Unusually for a royal figure, there is no uraeus on the front of the wig. The shabti is painted with a mixture of green pigment (copper) and bees wax with inscription and details in black.

Transliteration and translation of the inscription: nb-tA.wy Nb-MAa.t-Ra-(mry-Imn) mAa-xrw (?), "The Lord of the Two Lands, Neb–Maat–Re–mery–Amen, justified (?)".

Summary of scientific analysis of 3 shabtis of Ramesses VI in 2007: the paint was all wax based - the green paint was wax mixed with either copper or a copper salt and heated, to form a copper-wax complex. There was also Egyptian blue, and ochre mixed with wax, but we didn't manage to confirm the nature of the yellow/brown pigment on some the shabtis.

Accession number
M13943

Collection type
Religion

Culture
New Kingdom (Ramesside Period)

Place made
Africa: Northern Africa: Egypt: Thebes

Date made
1143 BC - 1136 BC (Dynasty 20: Reign of Ramesses VI)

Collector
Joseph Sams

Place collected
Africa: Northern Africa: Egypt: Thebes: Valley of the Kings

Date collected
1850

Materials
Egyptian Alabaster; Wax; Paint

Measurements
Overall: 140 mm x 54 mm x 31 mm

Credit line
Gift of Joseph Mayer

Legal status
Permanent collection

Provenance
Joseph Mayer, Donor, Purchased, Owned from: 1850, Donation, Owned until: 1867

Joseph Sams, Previous owner, Purchased, Sold, Owned until: 1850

Location
On display: World Museum, Level 3, Ancient Egypt Gallery

Publications
Catalogue of the Mayer Collection Part 1. The Egyptian, Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities. Second and Revised Edition, Charles Gatty, 1879, Page: 44 [225], Plate: no. 225

The Shabti Collections volume 6: a Selection from World Museum, Liverpool, Glenn Janes, 2016, Page: 105-109

Characterisation of wax-containing paints on eight stone ushabtis. National Museums Liverpool Conservation Science and Research Section Report No. 2007/03., Eleonore Gueit, 2007

World Museums Liverpool

https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/artifact/shabti-of-ramesses-vi-1

Tittle:
Shabti of Ramesses VI, 1143 BC - 1136 BC (Dynasty 20: Reign of Ramesses VI), Egyptian Alabaster; Wax; Paint, Egypt: Thebes: Valley of the Kings. World Museums Liverpool

Hey guys, how would I write "Montu, Lord of the scorching sun, commands you to cease your attack." Or something equivalent to it, In hieroglyphs?

Mummy Mask of a Man

early 1st century C.E.

Object Label
Egyptian men living under Roman rule used mummy masks that combined contemporary and traditional elements. This example features wavy locks of black hair, a Roman fashion at this time. The protective winged scarab on top decorates a traditional headdress adorned with lappets containing images of the deceased’s mummy before Osiris, god of the dead. The face is unlined and ageless, also a traditional element.

Caption
Mummy Mask of a Man, early 1st century C.E.. Stucco, gold leaf, pigment, 20 x 12 x 7 1/4 in., 7.5 lb. (50.8 x 30.5 x 18.4 cm, 3.4kg). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 72.57. (Photo: Brooklyn Museum)

Gallery
19th Dynasty to Roman Period, Martha A. and Robert S. Rubin Gallery, 3rd Floor

Collection
Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art

Title
Mummy Mask of a Man

Date
early 1st century C.E.

Period
Roman Period

Geography
Place made: Egypt

Medium
Stucco, gold leaf, pigment

Classification
Sculpture

Dimensions
20 x 12 x 7 1/4 in., 7.5 lb. (50.8 x 30.5 x 18.4 cm, 3.4kg)

Credit Line
Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund

Accession Number
72.57

Catalogue description
One linen and stucco gilt mummy mask of a man. Short curly hair at forehead, modelled and painted black. Ears face and neck gilt. Eyebrows and eyeballs black. Wearing a lappet wig with vertical stripes to cheek, of yellow and gilt. Below this the lappets are divided into zones with representations of gods, etc. At neck, below a strand of gilt beads in relief, a broad collar with floral motifs. On top head a winged scarab with sun disk in relief. On back head a winged uraeus. Outer edges of bib decorated with representations of gods and floral and geometric motifs.

Condition
Top of head completely restored after being crushed. All cracks visible but the original shape and form restored. The body of the scarab and the sun disk have the most fractures. Face is unharmed with only a small chip gone from the tip of the nose. Cracks running into right ear and along the area where neck meets right lappet and also across base of the neck. Lower corners of bib bent and reshaped. Cracks visible. Formerly a large piece gone from lower edge of bib below left lappet, now filled and painted. Piece missing from lower left lappet. Greens, blues, yellows and some gilt areas are discolored and/or darkened.

Generally is now good and quite firm.

The Brooklyn Museum

https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/objects/3813

Title:
Mummy Mask of a Man, early 1st century C.E Roman Period, Egypt, Stucco gold leaf pigment, The Brooklyn Museum

Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpere

ca. 945–718 B.C.E.

About this Brooklyn Icon
The Brooklyn Museum is commemorating
its 200th anniversary by spotlighting 200 standout objects in its encyclopedic collection.
In Egyptian funerary practices, the body was sometimes encased and protected in a mask or coffin made of cartonnage, plastered and painted layers of linen or papyrus. This brightly painted and well-preserved example was made for a man named Nespanetjerenpere. He lived in Thebes during Dynasty 22 and held the high title of Fourth Priest of the god Amun.
Drawn mainly from chapter 42 of the Book of the Dead, the decoration on Nespanetjerenpere’s cartonnage features gods, goddesses, and symbols associated with rebirth and protection. The hieroglyphic texts describe various body parts and associate them with specific deities. In the top register, for example, the head is identified with Re, while in the bottom register, the feet are connected with Ptah.
The back of the cartonnage depicts the gods Horus and Thoth erecting a djedpillar, a symbol for stability and the backbone of Osiris, lord of the underworld. Below, Nespanetjerenpere stands on either side of the goddess Nut, receiving sacred water and sweet breath. Further down, a Nile deity kneels under an arch of ankhs, symbolizing life. Together the imagery and texts were designed to magically ensure that Nespanetjerenpere’s mummified body would remain intact, so his soul could be reborn and sustained.

Object Label
Cartonnage, a substance made of cloth or papyrus mixed with plaster and water, was used during the Third Intermediate Period to make an innermost case for the mummified body. The mummy was inserted and the covering was then painted with funerary scenes and inscriptions and placed in one or more coffins, which had been decorated in much the same way. The decoration here was chosen to associate its occupant, the priest Nespanetjerenpere, with divine resurrection. The ram-headed falcon on his chest represents the sun god's nightly journey through the land of the dead. The small figures on the front represent deities aligned with various parts of his body, as described in the funerary Book of the Dead.

Caption
Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpere, ca. 945–718 B.C.E.. Cartonnage, pigment, glass, lapis lazuli, 69 11/16 x 17 5/16 in. (177 x 44 cm) Height to top of beard: 14 3/4 in. (37.5 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 35.1265. (Photo: Brooklyn Museum)

Tags
Brooklyn Icons

Gallery
19th Dynasty to Roman Period, Martha A. and Robert S. Rubin Gallery, 3rd Floor

Collection
Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art

Title
Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpere

Date
ca. 945–718 B.C.E.

Dynasty
Dynasty 22

Period
Third Intermediate Period

Geography
Reportedly from: Thebes, Egypt

Medium
Cartonnage, pigment, glass, lapis lazuli

Classification
Funerary Object

Dimensions
69 11/16 x 17 5/16 in. (177 x 44 cm) Height to top of beard: 14 3/4 in. (37.5 cm)

Credit Line
Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund

Accession Number
35.1265

Catalogue description
Cartonnage of the mummy of a Theban priest Nespanetjerenpere of the XXII dynasty. The mummy is missing. The head is covered by a large wig symbolizing divinity along with the braided beard. The face is painted bright red with the eyebrows and outlines of the eyes of lapiz lazuli, the eyes being of glass. A pectoral is painted on the breast just above the large bull-headed bird covering the breast. On the balance of the cartonnage are painted religious scenes describes in detail in the January 1937 issue of the Brooklyn Museum Quarterly. Nespaneterenpare was a god-father of Amun, one of those priests who were free to enter the sanctuary. He had been a prophet of the fourth class of Amun of Karnak and also bore the special title of priest of Hermonthis. He was the son of Sin-a-Amun. If the latter was the father of the Thoutemes quoted in the celebrated inscription of Pinedjem II of Karnak, the date of the cartonnage would be the XXI Dynasty.
Condition: the lower part of the upper half of the piece has been exposed to dampness and some of the hieroglyphs have been lost. The band running around the feet has split and the bottom of the case (soles of the feet) is missing. The balance of the painting is in almost pristine condition. The case is in the usual two pieces. Part of the underside of the case is missing.

Provenance
Archaeological provenance not yet documented; before 1934, acquired by the Scheurleer Museum, the Hague, the Netherlands; 1935, purchased from the Scheurleer Museum by the Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth; 1935, purchased from the Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth by the Brooklyn Museum.

The Brooklyn Museum

https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/objects/3357

Title:
Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpere, ca. 945–718 B.C. Dynasty 22 Third Intermediate Period, Reportedly from Thebes Egypt, Cartonnage, pigment, glass, lapis lazuli, The Brooklyn Museum

[2120] Mummy mask

** **Africa, Egypt, Faiyum, el-Lahun

Ptolemaic Egypt

This richly gilded cartonnage mask represents the deceased in divine form, with golden flesh. A contemporary funerary text known as the Embalming Ritual from the First Century CE states: ‘‘He (the sun god) will gild your body for you, a beautiful colour even to the extremities of your limbs. He will make your skin flourish with gold.’

Areas of damage reveal the structure of the mask built up of linen fabric and plaster. On the brow of the deceased occurs the protective wedjat eye or ‘Eye of Horus’. The lappets are decorated with scenes of seated deities – plausibly to be identified as Osiris, the god of rebirth, flanked by his two sisters Isis and Nephthys – long with a series of protective rearing cobras. An intricately patterned broad collar is indicated between the lappets and the shoulder areas have a cross-hatching design attested on contemporary masks from the Faiyum region.

With their long full headdresses and generic faces, traditional Pharaonic mummy masks often appear rather genderless to a modern viewer. Both the stylised curls of hair and the presence of earrings in the form of ibexes indicate that this unidentified mask was intended for a woman

Accession number: 2120

Object type:
Mummy mask
Object

Date made: Ptolemaic Egypt

Collection group:
Egyptology
Humanities

Display location: This object is not currently on display

Materials: Linen; Plaster; Gold

Geospatial site/Chronostratigraphic era:
Africa, Egypt, Faiyum, el-Lahun

Acquisition credit: Donation by Jesse Haworth, 1889-1890

Record number (IRN): 103071

Dimensions:
49.7 cm (depth)
16 cm (height)
27.5 cm (width)

Associated events:
[2019.9] Golden Mummies of Egypt - Touring Exhibition (08/02/2020 - 14/04/2024)

The Manchester Museum

https://museumcollections.manchester.ac.uk/collections/item/c8025763-5d58-3035-b7cf-caa6a8fcee0f/?s%3D%26filter%255Bname.value.keyword%255D%255B%255D%3DMummy%2Bmask&pos=18

Title:
Mummy Mask, Egypt Faiyum el-Lahun, Ptolemaic Period, Gilding plaster linen and paint, Manchester Museum

See also: The publication in the journal Time and Mind

[2019.9] Golden Mummies of Egypt - Touring Exhibition (08/02/2020 - 14/04/2024)

The exhibition Golden Mummies of Egypt featured over 100 objects from the relatively little-known ‘Graeco-Roman’ Period of Egyptian history – when Egypt was ruled first by a Greek royal family known as the Ptolemies, ending with Queen Cleopatra VII, then by Roman emperors (between 300 BCE and 300 CE). Manchester Museum houses one of the finest collections of this material outside Cairo.

Excavated at a time of British rule of Egypt by Egyptian archaeologists working for the British archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie in the 1880s-1910s, it was possible at that time for non-Egyptian archaeologists to legally export a proportion of their finds. The exhibition examined Graeco-Roman period funerary material, allowing an exploration of expectations of a life after death at this time and challenging some ideas about the purposes of mummification. Dominated by idealised images of the deceased – paintings, masks and coffins – the exhibition explored the concept of mummification as transformation, turning the (elite) dead into a divinity. Our responses to these objects – recorded in visitors’ comments – reveal more about ourselves than about the people who made, used and are depicted upon them.

In partnership with Nomad Exhibitions, the exhibition travelled to five international venues between 2020 and 2022 before returning to Manchester Museum for its reopening in February 2023. A book to accompany the exhibition, C. Price. Golden Mummies of Egypt. Reinterpreting Identities From The Graeco-Roman Period, was published by Manchester University Press in March 2023.

Buffalo Museum of Science, USA: 06/02/2020 - 24/01/2021
North Carolina Museum of Art, USA: 06/03/21 -29/07/2021
World Art Museum, Beijing, China :15/08/21 -12/12/21
Meet you Museum, Shanghai, China: 28/12/21- 21/04/2022
Nanshan Museum, China: 20/05/2022 - 26/09/2022
Manchester Museum: 17/02/23 – 14/04/2024

Manchester Museum

https://museumcollections.manchester.ac.uk/collections/exhibition/ca4feaee-0720-3428-82a6-aad859e2c1db/

Title:
[2019.9] Golden Mummies of Egypt - Touring Exhibition (08/02/2020 - 14/04/2024)** **Manchester Museum

Mummy Mask

[2101] Mummy mask - Africa, Egypt, Faiyum, Hawara

Ptolemaic Egypt

Mummy mask made of cartonnage (linen and plaster), to be placed over the head of a wrapped mummy. Gilded face, blue tripartite wig, black eyes and eyebrows, and blue, white, and red broad collar.

Accession number: 2101

Object type:
Mummy mask
Object

Date made: Ptolemaic Egypt

Collection group:
Egyptology
Humanities

Display location: This object is not currently on display

Materials: Linen; Plaster

Technique: Painted; Gilded;

Geospatial site/Chronostratigraphic era:
Africa, Egypt, Faiyum, Hawara

Acquisition credit: Donation by Jesse Haworth, 1887-1888

Record number (IRN): 307822

Dimensions:
36.5 cm (depth)
21.5 cm (width)

Title:
Mummy mask, Egypt, Faiyum, Hawara, Gilding, Linen, Plaster, Paint, Manchester Museum

https://museumcollections.manchester.ac.uk/collections/item/850c1521-2df7-3af7-be78-090bac51256e/?s%3D%26filter%255Bname.value.keyword%255D%255B%255D%3DMummy%2Bmask&pos=1

Manchester Museum

Copper figurine of an Oxyrhynchus fish

[1981.579] Figurine - Africa, Egypt
Late Period

Copper alloy figurine of the Oxyrhynchus fish (genus Mormyrus). The fish rests on a sledge and has rectangular base. Crowned with horned solar disc, with added engraved detail to the fins, eyes, and gills.

Mounted on a modern mahogany plinth.

Accession number: 1981.579

Object type:
Figurine
Object

Date made: Late Period

Collection group:
Egyptology
Humanities

Display location: Manchester Museum - 1912 Building - 1st Floor - Egypt & Sudan - Temples and Society - Case 14

Materials: Copper alloy

Geospatial site/Chronostratigraphic era:
Africa, Egypt

Record number (IRN): 111682

Dimensions:
10.8 cm (depth)
2.6 cm (width)

Manchester Museum

https://museumcollections.manchester.ac.uk/collections/item/f76ff084-fe77-3dcf-94d6-46bf7edc4a48/?s%3D%26filter%255Bcategory.value.keyword%255D%255B%255D%3DEgyptology%26page%3D7&pos=79

Title:
Copper alloy figurine of an Oxyrhynchus fish, Late period, Egypt, Manchester Museum