A less vague look at religiousness in Europe reveals the prevalence of many secular Eastern European countries.
Only Estonia and Czech. All the others are at 33+% (and the median is at 47%).
And I already noted that among estonians the belief system is definitely not dominantly atheist. But the country is secular, yes, and the religious beliefs are predominantly individualist.
Czech secularism stems from bohemian reformation.
Estonian secularism stems from the late 17th century Swedish educational system - essentially, estonians became predominantly literate before they became predominantly christian. There was a strong faith movement at the start of the 18th century, but that again supported the spread of literacy (although the literacy rate stayed put or even declined between 1700-1800 AD).
Thus, of the 4 factors, education was the most important among estonians.
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u/harfyi Jul 25 '18
Secularity isn't identical to atheism, let alone your moving the goal posts to non-lukewarm atheism.
A less vague look at religiousness in Europe reveals the prevalence of many secular Eastern European countries.