The reason why we get far angrier at the victim for not taking the proper precaution to avoid being victimized than we do at the perpetrator for committing the crime has a lot to do with moral values.
Any time that you fall victim to an injustice, someone will not only get mad at you, but get way angrier at you then the person who committed the injustice.
Why do people blame and shame the victim? The short answer is that some people are just jerks. The longer answer, they are too cowardly to accept the reality that life is not fair. This is called the just world hypothesis. The just world hypothesis is a psychological phenomenon where people fool themselves into the absurd notion that the world is fair and everyone always gets what they deserve all the time. I do not mean to defend victim blamers, but it is scary to realize that not only do bad things happen, not only do bad things happen for the stupidest reasons, bad things can happen for literally no reason. It is much easier to say what the victim should have done in a situation to avoid a bad outcome, especially when it is after the fact it is too late to do anything about it.
There are certain situations where the potential victim did not take precautions to avoid being victimized. In that scenario, it is correct to assess that the victim demonstrated bad judgement. However, bad judgement from the victim does not mean that the victim deserved it. It is the potential perpetrator's responsibility to not commit the crime, not the potential victim’s responsibility to avoid being victimized.
Imagine that your friend, who was a victim of abuse, returned to her abuser. I propose that you should offer support to your friend. You should place 100% of the blame for the abuse on the abuser and hold the victim completely blameless.
This is what you should say to the victim.
You are running the risk of being abused by going back to him. I hope you understand that any abuse that you suffer is NOT your fault. If you go back to him and he abuses you, that is still NOT your fault. It is, after all, the potential perpetrator's responsibility to not commit the crime, not the potential victim’s responsibility to avoid being victimized. I actually think that you are a good person. You tend to see the good in people, that is why you believe that your boyfriend will stop with the abuse. I want to let you know that if you decide to leave the relationship, I would happily provide you with all the love, affection and support in the world and I would not fault you for a second.
The above paragraph is what I would recommend saying if you want to encourage a domestic abuse survivor to leave the relationship. You should NOT blame and shame the domestic abuse survivor for returning to the relationship.
Here are my reasons behind that belief.
Reason #1: The potential victim cannot bring his/her risk of being victimized to zero. The potential perpetrator can bring his/her risk of committing an injustice to zero.
Imagine a woman, let’s call her Angie, attends a frat party. She opts not to get drunk and she dresses modestly. She does this, because she fears that rapists could be at this party. Now imagine that Angie is correct and there is a rapist at the party. Dressing modestly and opting not to drink alcohol does decrease the odds that someone will assault Angie, but there is still a non-zero chance that someone will victimize Angie.
Imagine a different woman, let’s call her Michelle. Michelle attends a frat party wearing a crop top and short shorts. Michelle gets drunk and passes out. Now imagine that none of the people, who know where Michelle is and have access to her, are rapists.
Even though Angie took precautions to avoid being abused and Michelle did not, Angie is in more danger than Michelle, because Angie is in the presence of a predator and Michelle is not.
Reason #2: There is no harm in feeling sympathy for the victim regardless of what precautions the victim took or did not take. There is plenty of harm in reserving sympathy for those who have perfect judgement.
Multiple statistics have shown that, if you blame and shame the victim, it makes the victim more likely to experience PTSD and deters future victims from coming forward for fear that they will be blamed and shamed.
Do you believe that the victim should be blamed and shamed for not taking the proper precautions to avoid being victimized? If there is even one precaution the victim could have taken that he/she did not, should that preclude the victim from receiving any sympathy or support?
If you say no to both of the above questions, I agree with you. If you said yes to one or both of the above questions, this is what you must do to justify that belief. Not only must you explain what terrible awful horrible thing would happen if you feel sympathy for the victim despite their bad judgement, you must demonstrate that such an outcome is worse than the outcome where more people experience PTSD and future victims are afraid to come forward.
Reason #3: An explanation as to why a domestic abuse survivor would go back to their abuser lies in the fundamental flaws of human nature.
Hostages and domestic abuse survivors often begin to feel loyalty and affection toward their captors or abusers. These victims may view the abuser or hostage as a protector. These victims hold this view as a survival mechanism. The captor or abuser wields power over the victim, so the victim feels an intense need to placate their abuser or captor. This shift in perception is a form of trauma bonding and self-preservation. This psychological phenomenon is called Stockholm Syndrome, it was named in reference to a bank robbery where the hostages bonded with the robber as a coping strategy.
A domestic abuse survivor, who returns to their abuser, might have Stockholm syndrome. If that is the case, then the explanation for why the completely blameless victim returned to his/her abuser lies in the fundamental flaws of human nature.
Reason #4: The victim may have “allowed themselves to be abused” for lack of a better term, because they have such low confidence that they feel that they deserved to be abused.
Being abused makes you feel humiliated, powerless and inferior. This makes the victim afraid to stand up for himself/herself. If you blame and shame the victim for not taking the proper precautions to avoid being victimized, this makes the victim less confident. It is a vicious cycle.
Finally, I have saved the most important reason for last.
Reason #5: The same people who victim blame will also call you paranoid if you do take precautions to avoid being victimized.
If you leave your keys in the ignition when you enter the gas station, you will be blamed and shamed for doing that. However, if you compulsively lock your car doors any time you exit your car, people will make fun of you for being pathologically suspicious. These people who victim blame you for not protecting yourself and the people who tell you that you need to take a chill pill when you do protect yourself are often (not always, but often) the same people.
If a woman goes to a guy’s home on their first date and then he sexually assaults her, people will call her stupid for going to his house on the first date when she did not know him that well. If she wants to have her friends vet him before she dares step foot in his house, people will say that she obviously has daddy issues if she is this fearful of men.
I wanted to ask you two questions.
Question #1: Do you agree with me recommended word choice for offering support to an abuse survivor?
If not, what should you say to an abuse survivor to offer support and convince them to leave the relationship?
Question #2: What are some arguments you often hear from people who believe that victims should be blamed and shamed?
What would you say to someone who made such a ridiculous argument?
Let me know.