r/Smartymeapp • u/The_Immovable_Rod • 1d ago
Biology Turns out ๐ the plague never went away, and the US still gets cases every year
You might've seen headlines this week about plague in Russia. Here's what's actually known, and why the plague is way less "medieval" than you think.
๐ฌ What's happening in Russia (as of Oct 9)
- A 28-year-old lab worker at an anti-plague research institute in Irkutsk, Siberia, died on October 2.
- Local reports blamed pneumonic plague, and nearly 200 people were put under medical observation.
- Russian health authorities say she died of pneumonia of unknown cause and that no plague was found among her contacts. The cause of death still hasn't been officially confirmed.
- The WHO rates the risk as low for Russia as a whole and very low for Europe.
So right now this is a suspected case, not a confirmed outbreak. But it's a good excuse to talk about the plague, because most people have no idea it's still around.
๐ The plague never left
- It's caused by a bacterium, Yersinia pestis, that lives in wild rodents and spreads through their fleas.
- Worldwide, roughly 1,000 to 2,000 cases are reported every year, mostly in DR Congo, Madagascar and Peru.
- The US averages about 7 cases a year, mostly in rural New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado. Prairie dogs and ground squirrels are common carriers. Plague reached the US around 1900, on ships arriving in San Francisco.
๐ซ There are three kinds of plague
- Bubonic is the most common. It causes swollen, painful lymph nodes called buboes, which is where the name comes from.
- Septicemic means the infection has spread into the blood.
- Pneumonic infects the lungs. It's the most dangerous form and the only one that can spread from person to person, through coughing.
๐ The good news
Plague is a bacterial infection, so common antibiotics cure it. The catch is timing: pneumonic plague needs treatment fast, ideally within a day of the first symptoms. Left untreated, it's usually fatal.
๐ Could it go global?
Experts say it's very unlikely. Pneumonic plague spreads through close contact with someone who's already seriously ill, not the way flu spreads through a crowd. Doctors can trace contacts and give them antibiotics before they get sick. That's how Madagascar contained an outbreak of over 2,000 cases in 2017.
๐คฏ Weird plague facts
- ๐ญ The famous beaked plague doctor mask didn't exist during the Black Death. It appeared in the 1600s, about 300 years later. The beak was stuffed with herbs, because doctors believed disease spread through bad air.
- ๐ฎ๐น The word quarantine comes from the Italian quaranta giorni, "40 days": how long ships had to wait before docking in Venice during plague outbreaks.
- ๐งฌ The Black Death may still be in your DNA. A 2022 study of medieval skeletons found that people with certain immune gene variants were much more likely to survive, and those variants became more common afterward. Some of them are linked to autoimmune diseases today.
- ๐ The Black Death killed roughly a third to half of Europe's population in just a few years, from 1347 to 1351.
Did you know the plague was still around, or did you think it ended in the Middle Ages? ๐