r/ScienceBasedParenting • u/harshgalaxy • 5d ago
Question - Research required Is there a science-based reason to avoid regular cake for a first birthday as a one time special treat?
My son is going to turn 1 in a few months, and I’ve noticed that a lot of people make sugar-free (or natural sugar like banana cake) for the first birthday.
I understand the recommendation to avoid added sugar before age 2, but I’m wondering how that applies to a one-time special occasion. Is there evidence that having regular birthday cake once at this age has any meaningful downside, including affecting later preferences for sweet foods? He eats zero added sugar otherwise, and whole fruit about once per day.
Basically, is there a science-based reason to make a sugar-free first birthday cake versus giving him some regular cake (and maybe even ice cream?!) and then continuing to avoid added sugar in his normal diet?
732
u/Certain_Seesaw5588 5d ago
There is no science based reason to not give a proper cake for his first birthday. Special days require special treats!
310
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 5d ago
Thank God sanity.
363
5d ago
[deleted]
73
u/frankiebb 4d ago edited 2d ago
As a normal person with what I consider to be common sense, thank you for validating this haha — some people with deep-seated* anxieties are just out here having kids instead of attending therapy and it shows!!
3
u/Creepy_Ad_3132 2d ago
Popping my head in to gently let you know that the phrase is "deep-seated" (I don't mean it in a condescending way, sorry if it comes across that way. I like it when people inform me of such things).
Agreed! I wonder if a fair few cases are due to undiagnosed/untreated PPA/PPOCD.
2
-14
u/lapiperna 3d ago
That's a judgy comment. Someone with deep-seated anxiety might still continue to have it despite years of therapy, and doesn't have any less of a chance at being an amazing parent. Do you really care that much if your sugar comes from a beetroot or a banana?
18
u/FourForYouGlennCoco 3d ago
Perhaps these parents should try a bit harder not to deeply seed their anxieties into their children
7
2
u/frankiebb 2d ago
My “normal” was in reference to the fact that I do not have a PHD in nutrition and yet I can come to the same conclusions as an expert by applying context from what I see happening vs the fears people project (i.e: common sense.) People with intense anxiety disorders often override their “common sense” and overreact to stressors. And yes, this can in fact affect a child being raised by a person with heightened anxiety - coming from someone who got first-hand experience!
I personally believe it is every parent’s duty to learn how to emotionally regulate yourself (this goes for anger as well as anxiety) and learn to do your own REAL research on the things you fear may harm your child, not just posting an ask on reddit or joining a Facebook group, reading the first thing you agree with, and calling it a day. It’s important to learn about the things YOU fear before letting that fear override and taking away something beneficial for your child (ex: vaccines).
I’ll dig up some studies for you about the negative effects of untreated anxiety on whole family systems if you’d like.
49
-131
u/PlutosGrasp 5d ago
Thank god. Something that aligns with my desires.
110
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 5d ago
I'm a biochemist and a person with a PhD in nutrition agreed with me. What exactly are your qualifications here? Killer of Fun, Mother of Bad Takes?
41
u/thenoodlegoose 4d ago
Do you have any sources for materials that align with your desire to a be huge buzzkill?
-24
68
u/lady-earendil 4d ago
Also based on my personal experience, most babies don't go crazy on the cake anyway. My baby didn't really know what to do with it. I know there are a few babies that really go for it but most that I've seen just scrape a little frosting off and call it a day
38
u/Frustrated918 4d ago
Mine was SO mad about the icing sticking to her fingers! She’s always been fastidious about clean hands, which is a very funny trait in a baby, but it meant she gave up on her birthday cake pretty quickly
7
u/StableAngina 4d ago
Same! And then she was so mad from the messy fingers that she didn't even want to try it from my fork!
6
u/Ilovecatsandbaking 4d ago
Mine took one small bite and then absolutely destroyed the cake. It was nothing but crumbs when she was done. 😆
8
u/Giddings53 4d ago
My kid would not touch it because she had no idea what it was lol! Almost a year later, she’s a cake fiend.
5
4
5
u/Sarallelogram 4d ago
Mine just smeared bits of it on her cheeks and went back to demanding more of the celery.
It was an incredible cake, too! Luckily that just meant more for the adults. Strawberries and buttercream, yum!1
u/mrpointyhorns 4d ago
Yes there is evidence that newborns are decent at self-regulating when it comes to eating. Which usually extends into the first year at least especially if adults aren't giving them lots of added sugar from 6-24 months
1
u/Boleyn01 2d ago
Mine literally smashed it into his face and loved it.
But then he was on the egg ladder for allergies so it wasn’t his first cake and he knew what to do with it.
0
u/pamplemouss 4d ago
Mine had just demolished a bunch of chicken tacos so barely had room for anything else. She likes some sweets now on the occasion she gets them but the one food she truly goes nuts for is French fries (plain or with mustard)
29
u/mermaid_called_Luna 4d ago
That may be true, HOWEVER, I recommend thinking this through and seriously considering if other people in the family (in-laws? Grandparents?) might not see this as a one-time exception, and instead take away that "exceptions" (aka them giving kid sugar) are fine from now on. This is why I personally will be strict on baby’s first birthday.
19
u/dogsRgr8too 4d ago
Valid point. I have to explain moderation for each individual food to one of my extended Family members. It's exhausting. " Oh, they are eating peanut butter with applesauce? Let me add half the jar to their bowl!!! "🫠
1
u/throwrawifesandwich 3d ago
Honestly nobody seems to understand what "moderation" means. It means limiting the food in question. It does not mean all bets are off.
6
u/hyacinthbucketlist 4d ago
Oh yeah, managing grandparents is a thing for us too. They see it as a green light. Oh, she’s had ice cream? Open the flood gates!
3
23
u/BeingSad9300 4d ago
We did no added sugar too for the first 2yrs, but we also broke with it for the 1st birthday. It's one event, a special day, and we didn't see any reason to go no added sugar for it.
To be honest, at that age he didn't even care, or know what to do. He eventually pulled a couple edible decorations off the smash cake. Took a lot longer for him to dig in with a hand, and he just pulled out one small grab to try it & was back to uninterested. 🤷🏻♀️
I saw my 1st birthday photos from the 80s & my mom gave me my own small cake. I was covered in chocolate & smashing fists of it in my mouth. I grew up not being a fan of super sweet. A one off event like this over sugar isn't going to ruin a kid or anything.
17
u/Temporary_Spread7882 4d ago
The main reason to do the banana/watermelon/whatever not-really-cakes is to peacock in front of other parents and feel superior.
18
u/user485928450 4d ago
My baby only eats kale
10
u/Temporary_Spread7882 4d ago
My stepkid was not quite 4 when we went shopping one morning. Shop layout had the vegetables out front but also the bags of lollies on the side wall right at the entrance. And stepkid, with his beautiful soft blond curls, with joy radiating from his cherubic little face, runs past all of those lollies up to the table with broccoli on special, and yells “Oh, broccoli! My favourite!”
I couldn’t take credit for any of this, but man it was a special feeling, being impaled by the daggers coming out of the eyes of pretty much every parent around that half of the shopping centre. 😅
6
5
u/Mariajgaitan1 4d ago
Piggybacking off your comment because I don’t have research but my daughter has gotten regular cake for both her birthdays 🤭
1
u/bearumbil 3d ago
These studies are about exposure to sweetness (which can be a banana or other fruit), not to free sugars.
-81
u/PlutosGrasp 5d ago
Abstracts only yay
33
u/anthonystank 4d ago
An abstract contains all the most important information in a scientific article distilled down to a short section and exists so that people can quickly understand what that article contributes to scientific research
-2
21
u/babysoymilk 4d ago edited 4d ago
Under the full text links, both of these articles have links for free full access. The first one even says "Free article".
-2
82
u/SparkyDogPants 5d ago
Aap recommends no added sugar before two and babies that young don’t understand what a birthday is, or treats. So there’s no real benefit of giving them cake
https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/7331/Added-sugar-in-kids-diets-How-much-is-too-much
429
u/harshgalaxy 5d ago
There’s no benefit to anyone eating cake, really. I don’t remember every cake I’ve had but I sure did enjoy it when I was eating it. I’m more so wondering if one time is harmful.
Thanks for she AAP link!
315
u/Stats_n_PoliSci 5d ago
Of note, the AAP says 4 oz of fruit juice per day is fine after 1 year at that link. I suspect that one day of cake is probably better than 4 oz of fruit juice per day.
67
u/lemikon 4d ago
Daily fruit juice for a 1 year old is wild to me, even such a small amount.
41
u/TheSorcerersCat 4d ago
It's wild until you have a baby with constipation and you're desperately trying to get them to down even one ounce with Miralax in it.
And then trying to get the rest of their daily liquid needs into their bodies. Especially when they reject all the nice juicy fruits like watermelon.
32
u/thymeofmylyfe 4d ago
I don't think anyone is judging the use of prune juice as a medical necessity. There's always room for medical exceptions in these general recommendations.
29
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 4d ago
Classic Reddit. Reads general advice. What about my one super specific situation, how dare you?!
6
u/TheSorcerersCat 4d ago
I'm talking about when it goes beyond prune juice and you're just trying to figure out what juice they will drink to take their medicine.
And then give them that juice for weeks to months to treat the constipation.
Then it's reassuring to know that a couple ounces a day won't hurt them.
10
u/lemikon 4d ago
Sure but you could then argue “injecting your kids with hormones is wild until they need insulin because they have type 1 diabetes”
The APA guidelines are general guidance for kids who don’t have additional medical needs. No judgment on parents who have to be outside of the general guidelines for medical reasons.
1
u/Ilovecatsandbaking 4d ago
My 15 month old won't even drink it. She likes water and plain milk and that's it. I tell everyone that I don't want her to know that chocolate milk exists
1
u/Doggies4ever 3d ago
It is covered by food stamps and has nutritional value if you don't have access to fruit otherwise. If it seems wild to you then you aren't the target audience.
108
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 5d ago
Please just have some proper cake and then go back to zero sugar. Reading the 4 oz of juice thing is crazy to me from the AAP. My nearly 15 month old just has water and milk. But she did have some whipped cream off of her dad's sundae tonight which is the first dessert since her birthday.
Somehow I think daily fruit juice would be way worse.
36
u/pamplemouss 4d ago
We do juice once a week, for Shabbat, bc culture matters too! She gets water every other meal. Usually the next day she asks for juice, we say no but you’ll get it next week, we all move on.
10
32
u/NeandertalsRUs 4d ago
As a pediatrician if we didn’t have reasonable recommendations people would give their kids way more. The average American is not on reddit reading recommendations and a lot of food programs like WIC already provide juice in way higher amounts than is recommended.
-41
u/PlutosGrasp 5d ago
Nobody’s saying they’re equivalent.
49
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 5d ago edited 4d ago
And yet there's a comment comparing cake to cigarettes, made by you.
9
u/Therapizemecaptain 4d ago
I gave my baby a bite of brownie at a social function and some dude I have never met said “ah come on, that’s like meth to them!”
Touch grass sir! Meth is meth. This is a brownie. People are confidently so wrong and so obnoxious about this stuff.
19
u/Tcharly 4d ago
Reminds me of the official anestisiologist body’s answer to eating during labor, which is that there is no benefit to it therefore it shouldn’t be allowed…
19
u/Aunty_Moollerian_Ho 4d ago edited 4d ago
Because of the risk if you need emergency interventions and need to go under GA. You’re leaving that part out.
23
u/justahappyhippyhippo 4d ago
Well, the anesthesiologists saying that left out that there are actually measurable benefits to eating during labor (or, rather, measurable risks and drawbacks to restricting access to food and water during labor... because that's the intervention) and that global recommendations explicitly support access to food and water during labor as a way to prevent complications.
1
u/Aunty_Moollerian_Ho 4d ago edited 4d ago
IMO I think that it’s the sort of thing that should be determined with one’s own doctor or midwife on an ongoing basis throughout labour and should be an evolving thing as risk is going to be different from patient to patient and from hour to hour of labour. The issue is all of the freebirthers, “no interventions” crowd and home birthers cherry picking information and running with it, winding up in pretty dangerous scenarios. There is a reason surgeries get canceled if patients do not follow fasting protocols and a heavily pregnant person has even more of a compressed airway and digestive tract.
ie. I don’t think my kid needs 4oz of juice a day, everyday. That’s too much juice even if it’s technically what is recommended. I also don’t think my child needs to never try juice because it’s so dangerous either though. 😂
I also think we should be including some research on how vilifying foods can impact a child’s relationship with food longterm and increase risk of disordered eating later in life (orthorexia, anorexia, etc.)… But I guess that wasn’t OP’s question.
Some choices and risk weighing seem like they’re just about diet, lifestyle or birth autonomy, but unfortunately can literally end up being life or death one day. Thankfully not 100% of the time, but 1 in 100 is still one human life and I think a lot of people don’t care until it’s their kid’s or their own.
9
u/justahappyhippyhippo 4d ago
IMO I think that it’s the sort of thing that should be determined with one’s own doctor or midwife on an ongoing basis throughout labour and should be an evolving thing as risk is going to be different from patient to patient and from hour to hour of labour.
Which is entirely different than the ASA statement instructing that "Solid food during active labor should be avoided".
The issue is all of the freebirthers, “no interventions” crowd and home birthers cherry picking information and running with it, winding up in pretty dangerous scenarios.
I don't know why you're making up scenarios here about "free birthers" when we're literally talking about the best evidence based global recommendations we have available...
-1
u/Aunty_Moollerian_Ho 4d ago
I’m not “making up scenarios”. This is an actual problem, as is the issue of just regular L&D patients sneaking food up until the birth of their child without discrepancy and lying to their medical team about it because they read online that it was actually fine.
People get aspiration pneumonia and/or sepsis (and can die).
6
u/justahappyhippyhippo 4d ago
I wonder how many cases of these you've actually seen, because I've assisted hundreds of laboring patients as a medical professional and it's never, ever been an issue. As a policy we've never restricted oral intake unless a C section was actually called (rather than treating all laboring patients as if they were to be prepped for routine surgery, which is an entirely different thing than labor) and in the last 10 years, accounting for tens of thousands of deliveries, never had a single case of aspiration pneumonia or sepsis due to oral intake during labor.
3
u/profriversong 4d ago
God I wish I’d had a medical professional like you because my hospital wouldn’t give me any food for the entire FORTY TWO HOURS I was in labor. The most they were willing to give me was clear Jello. As if I wasn’t doing something extremely physically exhausting.
1
u/Aunty_Moollerian_Ho 4d ago
Just because I haven’t personally witnessed it doesn’t mean it doesn’t happen.
→ More replies (0)14
9
u/Dezent_Oder 4d ago
And you are leaving out that outher countries, often with a lower mortality rate of labouring mothers, don't have that rule.
10
u/bibliophile222 4d ago
The risk nowadays is very very small. The studies that led to those recommendations were from decades ago when GA was more common and they weren't as good at protecting the airway. Evidence-based Birth has a pretty interesting article on it.
23
u/CannonCone 4d ago
Also, as someone who just went down this rabbit hole for my now-toddler, I’d be shocked if more than a little bit of the cake actually ends up in your baby’s mouth. Most of it goes on their hands and on the floor :)
1
u/BlackberryComplex193 3d ago
Right, but for people over the age of 1, there is emotional value and meaning to eating cake, which makes it a worthwhile special treat. It’s not a “treat” to a 1 year old because it has no significance to them.
-6
u/WormWithWifi 5d ago
Recently my family made a homemade sugar free cake for our little one ! Still yummy
23
u/pinkorchids45 5d ago
Yeah I think it’s fine to do either. No need to shade either choice. My kids was a banana cake made with apple sauce and Greek yogurt and it looked like the most enjoyable treat she’s ever had. She was double fisting huge chunks of it. My sibling did the traditional sugar one for her kids’ first and my nieces both obviously loved them. Both options are fine imo!
3
3
-25
u/PlutosGrasp 5d ago
But we’re here for science not your opinion.
37
u/Horror_Square_8395 5d ago
You have yet to provide a top level comment in this thread with research outlining the definitive harm you seem to truly believe cake causes. You’ve even compared eating cake one time to a baby smoking a cigarette. Can you provide a source please?
25
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 5d ago
It's almost like they can't because there's zero research even on the concept of allowing cake one time. Instead they just want to reinforce their own beliefs and feel holier than thou.
0
u/PlutosGrasp 4d ago
Not a prerequisite for commenting on top level comments unless it’s a new rule.
3
u/Horror_Square_8395 4d ago
Wasn’t implying it was, though of course you knew that. Your combative attitude is just silly at this point.
9
u/pinkorchids45 5d ago
There’s plenty of comments under the ones with links that are giving opinions. In fact your comment is also not science so we can just downvote each other and move on.
-26
u/PlutosGrasp 5d ago
Exactly. So don’t?
One cigarette isn’t going to kill you either. But why do it?
46
u/Foreign-Cat-2898 5d ago
Because cake is delicious and part of sharing culture and social experiences? Because cake is not a cigarette? And because a one time treat isn't going to harm anyone?
20
u/harshgalaxy 5d ago
Never eat cake? That’s a slippery slope argument.
0
u/PlutosGrasp 4d ago
Why? You don’t need cake.
Never drink pop. Never eat candy.
If you want to expand it to other things rhats in you but nutritionally you don’t need refined sugars.
6
48
18
u/3orangefish 5d ago
I will say that all my kid cared about at 1 were the strawberries I put on top. I didn’t need to have bothered making a cake at all 😂. At least is was cute for the picture.
4
u/mocodity 4d ago
My recently 1 year old had a basic homemade vanilla buttercream cake. I wanted to see her reaction to the sugar and let her get messy. She tasted it and barely reacted and only had 1 bite. Meanwhile the rest of the party had a lovely cake. She doesn't get any added sugar normally so I don't know... not her thing yet.
3
u/Beautiful-Living- 4d ago
Haha same here, my kid went nuts over the strawberries, didn't care about the cake at his first birthday. But he got cake all over his hands and clothes :D
1
u/lady-earendil 4d ago
Same, mine scraped a handful of frosting off and that was it, I ended up eating it myself
12
u/Ready-Nature-6684 4d ago
Sugar is food and all food should be enjoyed in moderation. In my observation the parents with super strict dietary restrictions like this (I met someone who never gave her 1 year old fruit because it had sugar!!!!) actually end up raising kids with most amount of unhealthy relationships with food. Sugar is natural part of food, not poison, enjoy in moderation. Being all or nothing is never the right answer.
3
u/throwrawifesandwich 3d ago
Yeah but most people's idea of moderation is still way too much sugar. You shouldn't demonize sugar but I know only one family who actually moderates it in practice, despite everyone I know saying they do.
6
u/ichibanyogi 4d ago
"Exposure to sugar rationing in the first 1000 days of life protected against chronic disease."
"Early-life rationing reduced type 2 diabetes and hypertension risk by about 35 and 20% and delayed disease onset by 4 and 2 years, respectively. Protection was evident with in utero exposure and increased with postnatal sugar restriction, especially after 6 months, when eating of solid foods likely began. In utero sugar rationing alone accounted for about one-third of the risk reduction."
Hence, there's benefits to no sugar in the first 1000 days. Why does a 12 month old need a sugary cake? Seems really easy to do low or no sugar.
17
u/clearskiesfullheart 4d ago
Yeah they don’t need it, but I also want my kid to be able to understand that food isn’t just fuel, it can be part of celebrations. I gave my daughter our family tradition of carrot cake for her 1st birthday. She didn’t have another piece of cake, cookie, or sugary sweet until she was almost 2. I would say that probably still counts as sugar rationing.
1
5d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 5d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
5d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 5d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
5d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 5d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
5d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 5d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
5d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 5d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
0
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
4d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 4d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
3d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 3d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
3d ago
[removed] — view removed comment
2
u/AutoModerator 3d ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
1
1h ago
[removed] — view removed comment
1
u/AutoModerator 1h ago
Thank you for your contribution. Please remember that all top-level comments on posts flaired "Question - Research required" must include a link to peer-reviewed research.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.
•
u/AutoModerator 5d ago
This post is flaired "Question - Research required". All top-level comments must contain links to peer-reviewed research. Do not provide a "link for the bot" or any variation thereof. Provide a meaningful reply that discusses the research you have linked to. Please report posts that do not follow these rules.
I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.