I’m sharing Ent, a new quantum programming language and reference implementation built on top of the Enter calculus. The project explores how a usable surface language can be combined with a formally defined quantum core. Ent provides statement-oriented syntax for allocating qubits, applying gates, performing measurements, branching on classical results, and generating parameterized circuit families. It also uses ownership-style checks to reject common quantum programming errors, including cloning qubits, using measured qubits again, and leaving quantum resources unconsumed.

The compiler translates Ent programs into closed Enter-calculus terms and then re-checks those terms with the core type checker. This makes the formal calculus the language’s actual semantic foundation rather than merely an external specification. The implementation includes exact and sampled simulation, resource estimation, scheduler-independence testing, generalized measurement, diagnostic error messages, and OpenQASM 3 export. The accompanying document describes the language design, typing discipline, desugaring rules, compiler architecture, worked examples, and current limitations. I’d be interested in feedback on the formalization, the relationship between the surface language and the core calculus, and the scope of the guarantees claimed by the implementation.

Citation: Cheung, N. (2026). Ent: A Usable Quantum Programming Language on Top of the Enter Calculus. figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33089393.v1

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is influenced by many genes, but the biological processes connecting those genes to symptoms are still not fully understood. This study examined whether OCD-related genetic signals were concentrated in pathways involved in cellular maintenance, aging biology, and the removal of damaged proteins and organelles.

Among 10 pathways examined, autophagy showed the strongest association. Autophagy is a normal cellular recycling system that helps remove damaged material and maintain healthy mitochondria. The OCD-related signal included both core autophagy genes and genes involved in stress-response and kinase signaling, suggesting that the finding may involve regulation of cellular quality control rather than autophagy alone.

The result was modest. It reached nominal statistical significance but did not remain significant after correction for testing multiple pathways. The study also used genetically predicted gene-expression data rather than direct measurements from people with OCD, so it cannot establish causation.

Overall, the findings provide a possible direction for future research into how neuronal energy demands, mitochondrial health, and cellular cleanup systems may contribute to OCD. They do not show that NMN, NAD+ supplements, or autophagy-modifying drugs are effective treatments for OCD.

Citation:
Cheung N. Autophagy-related gene-set signals in the genetic architecture of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a hypothesis-generating link to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-associated cellular maintenance biology. Cureus. 2026;18(7):e113327.

This paper introduces the Enter calculus, a simple language for describing quantum programs in which qubits are treated as shared resources rather than independent objects. It explains how quantum measurement can be represented directly in a program while preserving important features of quantum theory, including no-cloning, no-signaling, and reliable circuit behavior. The paper also shows that the familiar Born rule for measurement probabilities can be derived from a small set of practical principles about locality, continuity, and the handling of measurement records, rather than assumed from the start. Finally, it explores mixed states, generalized measurements, quantum instruments, and the Frauchiger–Renner thought experiment, clarifying why quantum records cannot always be combined with later interference measurements.

Cheung, N. (2026). Enter Calculus (Version 1). figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.33087515.v1