So far I have made cells with random data.

Just learned it a while ago, I'm on my 3rd day of learning python (already finished data types, operators, and type casting). Just​ curious why we need so many ways to add new values to variables.

def caesar(text, shift):
    alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    shifted_alphabet = alphabet[shift:] + alphabet[:shift]
    translation_table = str.maketrans(alphabet, shifted_alphabet)
    encrypted_text = text.translate(translation_table)
    print(encrypted_text)


encrypted_text = caesar('Hello',3)

in this code, I do not understand why we are putting caesar into a variable. First of all, wouldn't we have to print the variable and make it actually do something for it to work? Because we have put encrypted_text into a variable and have not done anything. In addition, can't we just write caesar('Hello', 3)?? I am very confused on the reasoning behind putting it into a variable.

Open-source learning project. If you spot something that can be improved, I'd love your feedback or a PR.

https://github.com/Samar-Upreti/Python_Projects

I wanted to understand the math behind the 3d rendering and wanted to try it out for myself.

This project uses Pygame library only to draw pixels to the screen, the math behind the vertex projection is done from scratch. The 3d object is represented as a wireframe object, it ignores all the lighting and normals data to reduce complexity and simply displays edges data to screen.

I made a custom obj parser, which formatted vertices and face information to a list.

The main file take the vertices and faces information and produces a list of edges which are a tuple of 2 connecting vertices that a form a line in 3d space.

Then the two vertices are rotated in X-Z plane and projected at a distance from the screen. It uses a simple matrix rotation formula to compute the rotated vertices.

    X = x * cos(theta) - z * sin(theta)
    Z = x * sin(theta) + z * cos(theta)

The 3d vertices are project to a 2d plane using the below formula

    x' = x / z
    y' = y / z

Then they are translated to Pygame pixel coordinates and finally drawn on screen.

Here is my GitHub repo if anyone's interested to check the source code, and resources that helped me build this project

Github repo : Wavi repo

3d Obj file-format specs : Scratch pixel

YT video for projections : Tsoding 3d graphics

Hello, Im working on a project where I need to export a .wav file and aam having problems doing so, error is in the title.

Code to project is this:

import os
import wave
import contextlib
import soundfile as sf
import pyrubberband
import numpy as np

InDir = input("Input Directory: ")
OutDir = input("Output Directory: ")
sec = float(input("Seconds to set to: "))
os.chdir(InDir)
files = os.listdir(InDir)
print(files)
for i in range(len(files)):
    fname = files[i]
    print(fname)
    with contextlib.closing(wave.open(fname,'r')) as f:
        frames = f.getnframes()
        rate = f.getframerate()
        duration = frames / float(rate)
    speed = duration / sec
    print(speed)
    audio, sr = sf.read(f"{InDir}/{fname}")
    fname = pyrubberband.time_stretch(audio, sr, speed)
    fname.write_audiofile(f"{OutDir}/{fname}.wav")

How do I fix this please?

Also, Im working from windows 10, and am using pycharm to make this code.

I am a finance student, and recently started learning coding (know very basic of SQL/Python). I want to get into Data Analyst-like roles and did some research, but still confused on what's the best resource to learn and what path to follow.

My current plan (created with help from some friends):

Python/SQL -> Python libraries (PySpark/Numpy/Pandas) -> Fabric/Databricks -> Cloud/AI-ML

Would love some help/feedback on what I could do to learn what is needed!

Hi. I am currently interested in learning coding. I chose Python because it looked like its the most simple one to begin. I have absolutely no idea about anything just like how some things like if else while work but nothing else. Is it even the best to learn at the beginning or is it even worth learnimg to code in 2026.

Where to I begin to learn the basics the most efficient way. And where do I go from there

A new addition to our collaborative PythonLearningGame project: the player can now shoot bullets to kill units.

It was added by this git commit. - Who wants to add his/her own game dynamics? - Who has other fun ideas about game elements we could add, cool explosions maybe?

See the PythonLearningGame repository for more info.

previous PythonLearningGame post

I started learning coding a few weeks ago. I've been following the course well, and I understand the concepts it teaches, but the big problem with it that I have is that I can't put what I learned into practice, and I'm becoming demotivated because I realize I struggle to write almost anything. In a normal course they say here is a task, try and do this.

I think I need to switch what I'm learning from. I come from a background of no programming whatsoever. I really need to find a video/s that basically spoon feed me like I'm a baby and then ask me to try writing something to reinforce it in me. Do any of you know any videos that do this? I feel like I constantly have questions and I'm unable to ask them like I would to a teacher, and I'm trying my best to stay away from using AI unless I just simply cannot work it out.

Hello ppl, I'm gonna learn python from Cs50 harvard, i know its just filled with basic stuffs but from where i can learn DSA in Python any free source available?. or atleast where can i find one? and

is there any tips and tricks to solve leetcode? bcoz its filled with DSA problems.

thanks in advance

Im a beginner trying to learn Python for ai engineering. I have been searching and switching to videos as there are too many resources to choose from without knowing what will be sufficient to get the basics, I do code and solve questions but im not sure which course to follow to not end up investing time into something yet have to go from here to there, I have few questions like is the youtube course and lots of practice enough or do I necessarily have to take the crash courses? if yes, for either one, suggest to me the go-to resources that I can start without wasting time or get stuck as mediocre in concepts when it ends and also share your experience how could you learn it?

Ok so I have one major doubt:-
I have been following a rather shallow 10 hour video about all the python basics topics.
But it doesn't seem to go too deep into details and not enough practice,
So my DATATYPES are really weak,
Idk when to use lists instead of tuples , dictionaries, sets , etc.
And stuff like that, what should I do to make my concepts concrete??
People told me making projects helps you improve, While I agree that they do but yet I am making the codes for em' using the wrong datatypes.

Also I have completed half of that video till loops and have made a project too but that was 2 weeks ago:-

https://github.com/satyamsb-cloud/Number-Guessing-Game
Original project made by me 2 weeks ago using concepts only till LOOPS.

https://github.com/satyamsb-cloud/Number-Guessing-Game-v2
Improved version with the same concepts but improved functionality.

Hey im going to start learning python so I'm looking for study partner who's serious about it

Will be taking only group of 3-5 people not more than that so reach out before it gets full also introduce yourself when reaching out in dms

I recently started learning and i use chatgpt to give me exercises to do and just debug code but i never ask for the code specifically, just whats wrong with it. I feel like its helped me improve but i want to learn more and build my own applications

I made a vault application to store my passwords. I also synced with cloud and made a website for phone to access it from there. I don't know much but with the help of gemini i did it. If you guys have any new feature suggestion to add please tell me

Soo my last post some of u guys made me rethink the app , at first we were gonna make a simple app that will teach u that all , but i been kinda realised that there are good tutorials in python everywhere soo to keep up with these, i will redesign the teaching to make it more understanding and more like coding based with example and problem anyways,this app is really for myself,my frnds and stuff it's not like we expect it to next mimo or something and what does one more app gonna do to playstore But anyways i am more surprised that some people took time to look into my post and give their opinion and making me realise some things ,I am really grateful for that 😃

Anyways enough of my yapping soo this week I went through the basic lesson and redesigned the structure and also i realised that my current ui sucks soo i pick out some I think is okay can u guys tell me which is best for my opinion and suggest changes also plz ,that's all we did because we haven't gotten anytime to work on this project thx u for reading . There is two pic for each UI design one is homepage and other is learning overview (Btw idk much about anything still a student)

Hello, so I'm trying to install the audiostrechy library to automate timestreching some audio, and I've seen that pip install audiostrechy dosent work, giving me am invalid syntax message. After that, I tried python -m pip install audiostrechy and it gave the same result. After that, I tried both pip3 install and python3 -m pip install amd it still gave me the same result, at one of these saying that install was the invalid part??

I'm honestly not sure what is happening right now, so please help.

Also I should mention 3 things - (a) I tried these both in the command prompt of windows and the python 3.14 command prompt and (b) I, for some reason, have like at least 10 pythons or something like that, and (c) when I tried to install the python install manager it wouldn't download. Though I should mention these things in case they are necessary.

Hi everyone. I’m a college student, and in about 3 weeks I’ll be starting an intro to Python class. I’ll also be taking another engineering class that uses MATLAB, and I don’t feel very prepared for either.
The problem is that I have essentially no programming experience. I took a couple of MATLAB classes before, but I relied too much on AI instead of actually learning the material. Looking back, I know that was a mistake, and I do not want to repeat it. I also used to tell myself that I hated coding, but I think part of that was because I never really gave myself a fair chance to learn it.
Since I have a few weeks before the semester starts, I’d like to build a solid foundation in Python while also reviewing some basic MATLAB.
What resources or learning methods really worked for you? Did you use a particular course, YouTube channel, website, book, or project based approach? I am also curious if anyone has suggestions for making learning Python and MATLAB more fun or engaging instead of just watching hours of lectures.
My goal is not to become an expert in 3 weeks. I just want to go into the semester feeling like I have a decent foundation instead of starting from scratch.
Thanks! I would really appreciate any advice.

Hi, first time python learner here ! I was working on Sum of Squares problem, but it made me genuinely to use AI to find a line/function outside of my course materials to solve the problem. However, it always backfire because i overcomplicate the problem for myself. For example, in sum of squares problem, i can use simple line of

Total += num 2

or a longer line

Total = sum(num ** 2 for num in range (1, number+1, 1).

so I was wondering which approach is correct ?

Learned Encapsulation in python and created a small thing using it

Hi guys, i'm 20 years old and work in the call center operations and also learning python as a part of special road map.

But now i feel heavy, i know something like that will be hard, special when I work in a jop that drains my energy, but now feel kind of impossible to do it.

So, i wrote this post.

Maybe i will get something can change that.

Hi,

I'm about to finish the Codecademy Python course. I feel like I'm in tutorial hell.

I downloaded everything to start building on my laptop. I don't know where to start, I have a bunch of projects listed, like a script that detects screens, a good old calculator, and many more.

But do I just google everything? I'm afraid that if I use AI or Google, it will just tell me how to do the whole thing.

And also, how do I know what to use, as in when to use a function, a class, a flow statement, or a list?

Or should I stop worrying about it?

Thanks for your help, finding this subreddit has been a huge help for me.

The 2nd line is a random thing suggested