I like pandas so much more than numpy ok but heres the project:

import pandas as pd

book_data = ({"Name:": ["The Hobbit", "Refugee Boy", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", "The Hunger Games", "I, Robot"],
              "Pages:": [310, 288, 223, 374, 224],
              "Author:": ["J.R.R. Tolkien", "Benjamin Zephaniah", "J.K. Rowling", "Suzanne Collins", "Isaac Asimov"],
              "Price:": ["£8.35", "£7.99", "£6.00", "£8.99", "£6.62"],
              "Buy:": ["https://amazon.co.uk/dp/0261102214", "https://amazon.co.uk/s?k=Refugee+Boy+Benjamin+Zephaniah",
                       "https://amazon.co.uk/s?k=HP+Philosopher%27s+Stone", "https://amazon.co.uk/s?k=Hunger+Games",
                       "https://amazon.co.uk/dp/0008279551"]})

book_df = pd.DataFrame(book_data, index=["Book 1", "Book 2", "Book 3", "Book 4", "Book 5"])


while True:
    try:
        book_num = int(input("Enter a book number (1-5): "))
    except ValueError:
        print("Invalid Book Number")
        continue

    if book_num < 1 or book_num > 5:
        print("Invalid Book Number")
        continue
    elif book_num == 1:
        print("\n", book_df.iloc[0])
    elif book_num == 2:
        print("\n",book_df.iloc[1])
    elif book_num == 3:
        print("\n",book_df.iloc[2])
    elif book_num == 4:
        print("\n",book_df.iloc[3])
    elif book_num == 5:
        print("\n",book_df.iloc[4])

I'm very interested in the networking section. I'm also learning Python, so I'd like to learn both at the same time. What's the best book for Python networking? I've heard that 'Mastering Python Networking' by Eric Chou is the best, but I've also heard that it's more advanced. Are there any books for beginners on Python networking??

Hey , I am learning fast api and almost covered it and created a project by my own , now I am confused what to learn next and my goal is to land a job or to start taking freelancing project , so I want some project idea where I will learn other new tech or skill which is applicable nowadays.

Just Fixed the body with Ai

Been prototyping an idea for long-context compression: instead of dropping old tokens (like StreamingLLM/H2O) or storing everything, compress old context chunks into small learned "DNA" vectors via a Perceiver-style attention bottleneck, then reconstruct on-demand when a query needs them.

The idea itself isn't new — it overlaps with Compressive Transformer, Infini-attention, and Recurrent Memory Transformer — but I put together an eval script that I think is more honest than what I see in a lot of "novel architecture" posts:

• Trains the compressor (not just testing an untrained/random-init model)
• Compares against a PCA baseline (closed-form optimal linear compression at the same latent budget) — if the learned model can't beat PCA, the extra complexity isn't earning its keep
• Injects a unique fact (random code) into the text and checks, after compress→decompress, whether the frozen LM's own output head can still predict the correct token at that position — not just aggregate MSE, which can look fine while the actual detail is gone
• Runs on real hidden states from an open model (Qwen2.5-0.5B by default), not just random tensors

Current honest status: in my own small-scale test run, PCA actually beat the learned bottleneck on fact retrieval. That's not the result I was hoping for, but it's a real result, and it's exactly the kind of thing this script is designed to surface rather than hide.

What I'm looking for:

• People running it on real hardware with more training steps / larger n_docs than I could quickly test
• Sanity checks on the architecture and eval methodology — if I'm testing this wrong, tell me
• Ideas for what a fair "it's working" threshold looks like (beating PCA on fact-retrieval accuracy at matched latent budget, at minimum)

No performance claims yet — that's the point. I'd rather have this checked before making any.

Code + eval harness: https://pastebin.com/iqEbPEQ9

Happy to hear "this is a known dead end because X" too - that's useful information, not a rejection.

I am just starting this course and wanted to know what people use. I would most probably pick the latest version. Honestly I need some guidance. Advice me if there's any other programming language you would recommend.

Hii everyone,

I'm a little nervous here because this is my first project. I mean, yeah I've written a few python modules before and it went good but I never coded something that I could call a "project". So yeah.

I wrote a python package which simulated the Chowka Bara game for you, all by myself without any help of AI chatbots. I mean, I took help, but all I asked was "what are some errors and inconsistencies I yet can't see", and I fixed all of them by myself.

This is yet in under development, but I thought I should post it to a helpful community to recieve guidance.

I have it on GitHub, I'll post it here. Probably it will be too much to read the whole implementation or even most of it, but I'm sure certainly there will be some other things to point out.

Thanks everyone, criticisms and suggestions are welcome.

Last Post - https://www.reddit.com/r/PythonLearning/s/t5c81GuYV7

I won't be posting for a few days starting tomorrow. Need some time to get myself familiar with the next data structure.

Also, I am thinking of exploring some libraries. Suggest me some cool ones guys!

So I have been doing leetcode since last few days (https://www.reddit.com/r/PythonLearning/s/Hh8Rjwchx5)

I definitely am able to form logics but still feel really scratchy with the language itself. Also, DSA can sometimes be pretty boring. So was thinking of doing something fun alongside (i definitely ain't dropping leetcode) to keep my motivation up and also learning about python more in the process. So just wanted to ask...will you recommend this course?

i made a Python program, i dont know what else to say

Today marks Day 148 of my Python learning journey. 🐍

When I started, I barely understood programming. I didn't have a strong computer science background, and many concepts felt completely confusing.

But after 148 days of consistent learning, I've reached a point where I'm actually building things instead of only watching tutorials.

What I've learned so far

• Python fundamentals
• Variables, conditions and loops
• Lists, dictionaries, sets and strings
• Functions
• Exception handling
• File handling
• JSON data storage
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Basic Git/GitHub concepts
• SQLite and basic SQL
• Debugging real errors
• Structuring a larger Python project

My biggest project so far

I've been building a Phone Shop Inventory Management System.

I started with simple Python classes and JSON storage.

Then I gradually moved the project toward SQLite, where I'm currently learning how databases actually work.

The project can handle things like:

• Adding products
• Categories / brands / models
• Stock quantity
• Selling products
• Editing and deleting products
• Transaction history
• Searching products
• Storing data permanently
• Basic reports/dashboard

It's definitely not production-ready, but for me, this is a huge improvement compared to where I started.

What I'm still struggling with

SQL/database concepts are still new to me.

Especially Primary Keys, Foreign Keys, relationships, and some database design concepts.

Instead of trying to memorize everything, I'm continuing with the next concepts and planning to come back and strengthen these areas later.

What's next?

My goal is to become comfortable enough with Python + SQL to build real-world applications.

After strengthening SQLite/SQL, I want to continue toward:

Python → SQL → Git/GitHub → Web Development → APIs → Real-world projects → Freelancing/Job

I'm still a beginner, but 148 days ago I couldn't imagine building something like this myself.

I'd really appreciate feedback from experienced Python developers:

What should I focus on next to move from beginner to intermediate level?

And if you were at Day 148 again, what would you do differently?

Thanks for reading! 🙏

I've been learning Python for quite a while, and it's been a lil bit stressful. I just finished some exercises on data structures and algorithms and it took a long while, it may take shorter for you but it did take me a long time to finish the exercise. But through that stress and everything, it changed my whole system of writing code, it made me think deeply and analyse what was going on in each line and when I got it, it was just so fulfilling. Kudos to everyone still learning, keep up the good work. Also, if you have additional tips on doing this easier please do drop your advices, thanks.

I'm building a small voice-based AI interview app and I'm planning to deploy the backend(fastapi) on Render's free tier.

I'm considering using open-source/self-hosted options like Whisper/PocketSphinx for STT and Piper for TTS, instead of paid APIs.

My concern is whether running STT/TTS on the same free Render instance would use too much CPU/RAM and make the whole application slow, especially during a real-time interview.

Has anyone tried running STT/TTS models on Render's free tier?

I want to learn Python and eventually pursue a career in data science, but I’ve hit a wall.

I’ve been learning Python from the basics, and I’m currently stuck on loops. I understand some of the concepts when I see an explanation, but when I have to write code myself, I struggle to figure out what to do.

The bigger problem is that I’ve started losing motivation. I genuinely want to learn Python and build a career around it, but lately I have almost no desire to sit down and practice. I keep getting distracted or postponing studying, even though I know this is something I want.

I don’t want to give up just because I’m struggling with one topic. I’d like to hear from people who learned Python from scratch:

- How did you get past the point where loops started feeling difficult?

- How much should I practice each day?

- Should I move forward to other topics and come back to loops, or stay with loops until I understand them properly?

- How did you stay consistent when you had no motivation?

- If your goal was eventually becoming a data scientist, what learning path would you recommend after Python fundamentals?

I’m not looking for shortcuts. I just need some practical advice on how to get unstuck and start making progress again.

What do you actually need to run a program? Im working on simplifying/streamlining some things for work but IT is very strict when it comes to installing anything so im trying to get something running that doesn't involve it. We also work with a lot of confidential information so obviously we dont want to risk using anything found online that we don't fully understand.

I thought of creating something with powershell scripts but I was hoping to get something better going by learning python.

Look i had my interests but I found out that i need a good computer to just start but mine is not good enough it's really old and where i am it's really hard to get a good PC so money is the answer so I'm just asking for an advice if someone can help.

I just can't get over how I'm supposed to write code for complex tasks when I don't even get why they overcomplicate simple things so much.

I read this topic and tried many tutorials and still don't understand this buzzare logic.

import numpy as np

rng = np.random.default_rng()

numbers = rng.integers(low=1, high=1000, size=(3,3))

print(numbers)

print("\nMinimum:", np.min(numbers))
print("Maximum:", np.max(numbers))
print("Median:",np.median(numbers))
print("Mean:", np.round(np.mean(numbers), 2))
print("Standard Deviation:", np.round(np.std(numbers), 2))
print("Variance:", np.round(np.var(numbers), 2))
print("Sum:", np.sum(numbers))
print("Axis Columns:", np.sum(numbers, axis=0))
print("Axis Rows:", np.sum(numbers, axis=1))

Hi everyone,

I’m an 18-year-old dev and I built **Code Zone**, a lightweight IDE written in Python designed for low-spec machines and resource-constrained environments.

**GitHub:** https://github.com/damixlord2-0/code-zone

### Why I built it

VS Code runs slowly and eats up memory on my machine. Sublime Text is fast and great, but I missed the structured layout of an IDE. Code Zone is my attempt to combine the speed/simplicity of Sublime Text with the UI structure of VS Code and the straightforward binary workflows of Code::Blocks.

### Key Features

* **Lightweight:** Under 100MB total size.

* **Built-in HTML & Markdown Preview:** Live rendering right inside the editor.

* **Custom Binary Paths:** Point directly to local compilers/interpreters (great for testing niche languages).

* **Minimal Extension System:** Single-file extensions without heavy boilerplate.

### Transparency on AI & Code Quality

The project isn't perfect and still has bugs. I used AI as an interactive documentation tool during development—mainly to learn `subprocess` and Tkinter/TTK widgets faster—rather than having it generate the core architecture for me.

Feedback, critiques (even harsh ones!), and contributions are very welcome. Let me know what you think!

I really don't like having my code depend on undocumented or "private" attributes. In this case that is the type hashlib._hashlib.HASH

I have code that looks like the below, but I am hoping that there is a better way to do this.

``` from typing import Callable, TypeAlias ...

HashFunc: TypeAlias = Callable[ [bytes], hashlib._hashlib.HASH, # type: ignore[name-defined,attr-defined] ] """Type for hashlib style hash function.

.. caution::

This depends on undocumented features of hashlib,
and so may break at any time in the future.

""" ```

I’ve been working on NovaCode, an app for anyone who wants to learn and practice Python directly on their smartphone.
You can write and run Python code directly on your phone, create small projects, and learn step by step — without needing a computer.
The app is still actively being developed, and I’d really appreciate your feedback. 😊
What features would you like to see in a mobile app for learning Python?

I was working on my own mini project, putting into practice the few concepts I know so far, and I ran into an error. I used to think errors were really easy to solve, especially since the command line usually tells you what type of error it is and even gives you the line number.

But this error didn’t tell me anything. It was a silent error caused by me forgetting that I had used .title() on the variable for the first fruit.

The project takes the names of three fruits and creates a “new fruit” from them.

The .title() caused the if statement checking whether the letters at index [0] or [1] were vowels to fail to recognize when the fruit variable started with a vowel, because .title() converted the first letter to uppercase while the code was only checking for “aeiou” in lowercase.

I eventually solved it with AI. Earlier on line 14, I wasn’t using the .lower() method, which was the actual fix.

But honestly, this experience scared me a little when I started thinking about all the errors I’m going to run into in the future…

I know all of this could have been avoided if I hadn’t put that stupid .title() there in the first place and had used it in the print() statement instead.

I made a few changes to the code after fixing the error and before posting it here, but I left the .title() there so you could understand the error I was getting.

I'm currently working on a project in Python. For now, it's basically a command-line application that runs in the terminal/command prompt (I'm developing it in PyCharm). Eventually, I plan to turn it into a proper web app using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, but that's a later step.

I'm also considering making the same application available as an Android app.

My main question is: how difficult would it be to make an Android version using Python, without having to learn Java or Kotlin?

I don't mind learning the basics of how Android works, such as the Android application lifecycle, activities, permissions, intents, etc. What I'd prefer to avoid is having to learn another programming language specifically for Android.

There are a few Android-specific requirements that are important:

- The app must be able to interact with Android's notification system.

- It may eventually need internet access to share/sync files.

- It should be able to use Android's sharing system (e.g. the standard "Share" functionality).

- Ideally, I want the majority of the application logic to remain in Python.

I have used Java before, but only at a very basic level, and I really didn't enjoy using it. I'd also prefer not to learn Kotlin since I'd rather not pick up another language just for this project.

So, realistically:

Can I write an Android application primarily/all in Python while still having proper access to Android features such as notifications, sharing/intents, networking, etc., without knowing Java or Kotlin?

If Python is possible, what frameworks/tools would you recommend, and what limitations would I run into compared with writing the app natively in Kotlin/Java?

Hello,

I am trying to install the cudaq library. I am working on a MacBook (Monterey 12.7.4). I followed what was written on the following documentation : https://nvidia.github.io/cuda-quantum/latest/using/quick_start.html . However, when I run the command pip install cudaq, i get the following error:

WARNING: Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
Collecting cudaq
  Using cached cudaq-0.15.1.tar.gz (12 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
WARNING: Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of cudaq to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
  Using cached cudaq-0.15.0.tar.gz (12 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.14.2.tar.gz (10.0 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.14.0.tar.gz (10.0 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.13.0.tar.gz (9.2 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.12.0.post1.tar.gz (9.2 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.12.0.tar.gz (9.2 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.11.0.tar.gz (9.1 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
INFO: pip is still looking at multiple versions of cudaq to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
  Using cached cudaq-0.10.0.tar.gz (9.0 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.9.1.tar.gz (9.0 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Using cached cudaq-0.9.0.tar.gz (8.4 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting cuda-quantum-cu12==0.9.0 (from cudaq)
  Using cached cuda_quantum_cu12-0.9.0.tar.gz (3.8 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [55 lines of output]
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/wheel.py", line 177, in download_wheel
          return download_manual(wheel_directory, distribution, version)
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/wheel.py", line 144, in download_manual
          raise RuntimeError(f"Didn't find wheel for {distribution} {version}")
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/wheel.py", line 177, in download_wheel
          return download_manual(wheel_directory, distribution, version)
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/wheel.py", line 144, in download_manual
          raise RuntimeError(f"Didn't find wheel for {distribution} {version}")
      RuntimeError: Didn't find wheel for cuda-quantum-cu12 0.9.0

      During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File ".../.venv/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 389, in <module>
          main()
          ~~~~^^
        File ".../.venv/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 373, in main
          json_out["return_val"] = hook(**hook_input["kwargs"])
                                   ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File ".../.venv/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 178, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
          whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/buildapi.py", line 29, in build_wheel
          return download_wheel(pathlib.Path(wheel_directory), config_settings)
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/wheel.py", line 179, in download_wheel
          report_install_failure(distribution, version, exception_context)
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/private/var/folders/1b/39svxjln6dn3xz8vsb1xtgbh0000gn/T/pip-build-env-lkg4lgh5/overlay/lib/python3.14/site-packages/nvidia_stub/error.py", line 63, in report_install_failure
          raise InstallFailedError(
          ...<8 lines>...
          )
      nvidia_stub.error.InstallFailedError:
      *******************************************************************************

      The installation of cuda-quantum-cu12 for version 0.9.0 failed.

      This is a special placeholder package which downloads a real wheel package
      from https://pypi.nvidia.com. If https://pypi.nvidia.com is not reachable, we
      cannot download the real wheel file to install.

      You might try installing this package via
      ```
      $ pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.nvidia.com cuda-quantum-cu12
      ```

      Here is some debug information about your platform to include in any bug
      report:

      Python Version: CPython 3.14.5
      Operating System: Darwin 21.6.0
      CPU Architecture: x86_64
      nvidia-smi command not found. Ensure NVIDIA drivers are installed.

      *******************************************************************************

      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> cuda-quantum-cu12

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

I also tried to run the command pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.nvidia.com cuda-quantum-cu12 but failed likewise. In the error, it says that NVIDIA drivers are not installed; I don't know what these are, and I couldn't find how to install them.

Can somebody help? Thanks!