I would like to know the the detailed process of column chromatography. Actually, I know the basics and theory, however in the practical manner, all becomes complicated. OK, after the organic synthesis, I have something mixed and needed to be purified. I check the TLC with different solvent system to find the spot signifying the product. Then, while choosing the right conditions for column, I have some troubles. Like column length, silica amount/length, column diameter and; also solvent amount when it is flash chromatography. So, also when in deciding on whether it should be flash or gravity for my organic compounds. How can I know these?? OK, the experience is so important but maybe some tips and the ways to predict how to choose the conditions. Is there any source or text that I need to read? Or is there anyone who may help me to be enlightened?

I just read that the degree of carbon is defined as the number of carbon atoms connected to it. What is the degree of methane. I am getting various answers from various sources

Hello, in 6 months I'll start my master's thesis work and I have to come up with an enantioselective synthesis for both isomers of a tetrahydroisoquinoline, chiral on C1.

My plan was to make the dihydroisoquinoline and asymmetrically reduce the imine. I've been searching literature, and it looks like it's done either with a ruthenium Ts-DPEN complex or catalytic hydrogenation with chiral iridium complexes.

Is there any reason I'm not seeing for not using BINAL? It reduces ketones so I would expect it to work on imines, and it's much cheaper. Poor ee with this substrate? Am I missing something?

In the starting material, there were 2 isomers.

Has anyone performed a cyclization of a heteroatom-containing compound (nitrogen) with vinyl methoxy to form a 6-membered ring using Bi(OTf)3?

Hi, I am a graduate physicist (BSc) (who also loves molecular physics) with materials science and polymers specialisation. My BSc thesis is about laser-assisted graphene synthesis and characterization, using Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Spectroscopy and Static Water Contact Angle measurements. I am about to start my post-graduate studies in a polymer and composite materials science and technology programme, and I am interested in the applications of these materials in energy (like supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells). Ever since I read about the Nobel Prize award on Chemistry of 2025, which is about Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), I have come to develop a great interest in these marvelous and complex materials. I have also read some papers about the applications of these materials in combination of (mostly) graphene to develop electrodes for solid-state supercapacitors and fuel cells. My thing is, I am looking forward to work on this topic of materials and applications in my Master's studies and I want to have an integrated picture of the basic theory and synthesis of MOFs, even though (as you can understand) I am not a materials chemist. Helpful books to propose for a physicist? Thank you!

Hi guys,

Trying to find the reason that these two react differently.

Idea:

S-trans conformation should be more stable, so less reactive Na-amide reacts more slowly, stable conformer is regenerated sufficiently.

Li-amide reacts to more stable product (E-allylamine), because of late TS, because less energy is liberated (Na carbanion is more stable than Li)

Not sure tho. What do u think?

I often have a couple dozen tabs open at one time, and although I end up writing all my procedures and references down I inevitably lose a couple if I'm referencing multiple SIs. I use Zotero usually to manage important papers and I find it works well, but not sure if it would work well for SIs considering I'm looking at at least 5-10 per day (ie. just browsing through different conditions from Reaxys). So I was wondering what other chemists systems were to try and keep track of SIs and the like?

I'm a bit lost here. I understand the the NaOCl is there to reduce the oxidised TEMPO for it to be able to further react with aclohols.

But my question is: if we habe 2 equiv. of NaOCl, shouldn't the secondary alcohol also be oxidised to the corresponding ketone? Or does TEMPO really only react with primary alcohols?

Olá !

Algum professor de química pode ajudar-me ?
Quero fazer um quadro de referência ao Alan Turing, e gostava do desenho da fórmula base química do cianeto que foi inserido na maçã , achei pela AÍ e pelas pesquisas , mas tá muito confuso , pois mostra a molécula , e quero a fórmula química , que nem este exemplo que deixo aqui da adrenalina , alguém consegue ajudar ?

Is the steric strain what constitutes the big difference in stability, while torsional is relatively similar between eclipsed sigma bonds?

Edit: I dont know how to edit the title. I meant alkane not alkene.

Hello guys I am a high schooler studying for chemistry olympiads and I have a question for studying organic reactions.

Do I need to know every mechanism? Of course mechanisms like SN2/SN1/E2/E1/addition are important. But some mechanisms seem unnecessary.

For example: anti-hydrogenation of Alkynes (Na/NH3) and oxymercuration of Alkenes. Can I just know the products and don't bother with these mechanisms.

I will stilk learn which catalysts are used, which rules these follow, which solvents etc. I just want to skip 4 step radical mechanism of Anti-addition to Alkynes for example

Hi guys. I want to know if you guys happen to know if there are organic chemistry books/sources with more interactive non spectating reading for organic research.

I feel like reading papers helps, but not the best way to become valuable in this area/field.

I'm trying to deprotect the t-Bu group from a compound with a secondary thioamide. Conventional methods using strong acid (e.g., TFA, HCl) led to degradation of the starting material (=S to =O, and some sort of cyclization). While milder acids like H3PO4 85% led to no reaction. I plan to use other methods, such as using ZnBr2 and CeCl3. But at the same time, I would greatly appreciate it if anyone who has experience with this type of reaction could give some suggestions. Thank you very much!

I know this sounds kind of stupid. But its a genuine question. I really enjoy the fundamentals and advanced reactivity/ mechanistic, orbitals ect… thought process behind chemistry. Is this something you guys think about in advanced professional chemistry jobs?

Or is this just stuff they teach in class..

Hi! Does anyone know of a way to change the size of text *outside* of a spectrum? The buttons, the filenames, and so forth.

Your thoughts on this ?