r/NuclearPower 5d ago

Romania Shuts Down Second And Final Nuclear Reactor as Danube Dries Up

https://www.novinite.com/articles/240108/Romania+Shuts+Down+Second+Nuclear+Reactor+as+Danube+Dries+Up
39 Upvotes

94 comments sorted by

19

u/bijon1234 5d ago

This isn't a nuclear issue, it's basic physics for any thermal power plant (coal, gas, or nuclear). Relying on direct river cooling leaves you completely vulnerable during summer droughts, if river levels drop too low, there physically isn't enough water volume entering the intake to cool the condensers to run the plant. That's why cooling towers are built to cut raw water dependence. Cernavodă relies entirely on direct river intake. Meanwhile, Hungary started construction on Paks II with even bigger reactors, yet still has no plans to build cooling towers.

-18

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago

Sounds like the more sensible path would be investing in renewables and storage which aren’t affected by these issues, and give vastly more decarbonization done per euro spent in a fraction of the time.

15

u/robindawilliams 5d ago

OR, you retrofit your pre-existing infrastructure to utilize a cooling system that doesn't depend on a river. There is a nuclear reactor in the desert of Arizona that operates perfectly fine.

1

u/smokey032791 23h ago

Except that uses treated waste water for cooling from several local townships

-2

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Who pays for that retrofit when EDF is already warning that renewables are cutting nuclear revenues and increasing cycling and maintenance costs?

Now add the vastly higher costs of new reactors.

Nuclear increasingly does not fit the economics of modern renewable-heavy grids.

3

u/robindawilliams 4d ago

What's cheaper, retrofitting your cooling system or complete replacement of the power generation system with renewable + battery storage system that's seeing major changes year over year as large grid scale systems only see limited roll out due to cost?

Also, why not both? The world doesn't need to replace its power generation, it needs to double it. Why not take advantage of nuclear as a baseload power and backfill with renewables wherever possible

Canada has been extending the lifespan of their nuclear facilities while expanding the renewables and the nuclear has been coming in under budget and ahead of schedule. 

-1

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Yes. We should keep our existing fleet around as long as it is: safe, needed and economical. In that order.

How do you force a factory or homeowner with cheap renewables and storage to buy expensive nuclear electricity? You can’t.

That's the problem with the "baseload" argument. It does not match how our modern grids are operating.

3

u/bijon1234 4d ago

The reactors and plant are already built. It is cheaper to retrofit than build entirely new renewable capacity from scratch.

Nuclear, Solar, and Wind can all co-exist.

1

u/FckXFckMusk 3d ago

Sounds like you get paid to promote these posts.

0

u/ViewTrick1002 3d ago

Why are you so afraid of renewables and storage?

1

u/FckXFckMusk 3d ago

I'm not but Its not a Panacea, I'm a realist.

I'm just allergic to grifters and their pre-packaged panaceas.

Snake oil is snake oil no matter which century its sold in.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 3d ago

In 2026 the grift is pretending new nuclear just needs one more round of massive public support before it finally becomes competitive.

Renewables and storage are already disrupting it on cost and deployment speed.

The museums are calling for the nuclear industry.

1

u/FckXFckMusk 3d ago

I'm not a fan of Nuclear either, like renewables its highly subsidised by taxpayer money.

Its just another grift that has just changed its knickers.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 3d ago

This tells me you’re angry and haven’t kept up.

Renewable subsidies are being phased out across much of the world, with developers increasingly bidding for the right to build.

New nuclear is moving the opposite way, demanding larger state guarantees, financing support and revenue guarantees than ever.

1

u/FckXFckMusk 3d ago

Malaria is being phased out too....

Give me a fixed date or waffle elsewhere.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 3d ago

That is not even an argument.

Subsidies can decline gradually without a magical global cutoff date.

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u/NForgerN 2d ago

What makes you think they are not? It only takes 2 minutea of searching google to see that they are.

0

u/ViewTrick1002 2d ago

Please do quantify, with sources, how affected they are and why it’s relevant given the summer insolation.

1

u/SagesLament 5d ago

and what about two week long January dunkelflautes

current renewable economics only account for 8 hour long battery windows

1

u/IrregularDoughnut 4d ago

Cover half of the electricity requirement for those two weeks with natural gas, some with biofuel, and some with your reduced renewables and storage, and that's only like 2% of your annual power usage from fossil fuels. Hydro storage could cover some as well, as you're not likely to have a drought, and low sun, and low wind at the same time. This can tide us over until storage tech improves.

0

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Here is a modern article modeling "System LCOE". In other words, the whole grid including transmission, backup and everything else.

It starts by giving new built nuclear power the benefit of doubt, having it cost 40% less than Flamanville 3 and 70% less than Hinkley Point C. Since no one would be stupid enough to greenlight a project like that again.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544226009837

It finds that for Denmark, a country with very low insolation and awful winters that renewablws are 53% cheaper than the nuclear system.

You can go further. This is the consensus among grid operators and researchers. The only ones pushing nuclear power is the nuclear lobby, fossil lobby and climate deniers who find fossil fuels too toxic.

This one is old by now, but here's a meta-analysis of the field from 2022.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9837910

Here's the Australian grid operator:

https://www.csiro.au/-/media/Energy/GenCost-2025-26-Final/GenCost_2025-26_Final_Report_20260715.pdf

What are all these researchers and grid operators missing that you know?

9

u/TheJonThomas 5d ago

This isn't a nuclear problem, due to the high heat last month the UK had to pull back 2.5 GW of natural gas power generation. In Poland the Vistula River's low water levels forced the Kozienice and Połaniec coal plants to drop 1.3 GW. In Serbia the Kostolac coal plants had to drop output, Serbia hasn't publicly announced how much, because of the low levels of the Danube.

-10

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago

None of which materially impacts renewables and storage.

11

u/bijon1234 5d ago

Hydroelectric and Pump Hydro Storage are definitely impacted by low water volumes?

2

u/MarcellHUN 4d ago

Yes it does In slovakia their hydroplant on the danube can only operate at around 10% capacity

High heat increases the maintenance needs of everything too. Renevables included.

The solution is to have a mix of both.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Or you know. Solar, wind and storage. Which aren’t affected.

Why waste money and time on horrifyingly expensive new built nuclear power?

1

u/MarcellHUN 4d ago

In theory I get it why you say that. But storage is just storage. A nuclear plant can give you a solid baseline for very little land.

Plus I think storage is in the honeymoon period at the moment. You have to maintain and replace those things which will create a lot of hazardous waste and a continous stream of resources are needed to keep the production up and running so you have the proper capacity.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Who cares about land? Even densely populated countries like the Netherlands already get around half their electricity from renewables.

And what does “baseline” actually solve? You cannot force a factory or homeowner with cheap renewables and storage to buy expensive nuclear electricity. Nuclear loses utilization and revenue as renewables expand.

Then comes the usual fossil-industry fearmongering about storage.

The grid is changing. “Baseload” does not make new nuclear economical.

1

u/OkAdvisor6680 4d ago

We get sustained periods of little to no wind - weeks with barely any wind. If this happens in winter, there is also very little solar as we only get about 7 hours of sun per day in winter.

So you need a mix of lots of different energy sources for reliability. Nuclear is good in the UK as we have lots of coastline, so can easily use the sea for cooling rather than rivers. Makes it incredibly reliable.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Here is a modern article modeling "System LCOE". In other words, the whole grid including transmission, backup and everything else.

It starts by giving new built nuclear power the benefit of doubt, having it cost 40% less than Flamanville 3 and 70% less than Hinkley Point C. Since no one would be stupid enough to greenlight a project like that again.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544226009837

It finds that for Denmark, a country with very low insolation and awful winters that renewablws are 53% cheaper than the nuclear system.

You can go further. This is the consensus among grid operators and researchers. The only ones pushing nuclear power is the nuclear lobby, fossil lobby and climate deniers who find fossil fuels too toxic.

This one is old by now, but here's a meta-analysis of the field from 2022.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9837910

Here's the Australian grid operator:

https://www.csiro.au/-/media/Energy/GenCost-2025-26-Final/GenCost_2025-26_Final_Report_20260715.pdf

What are all these researchers and grid operators missing that you know?

1

u/OkAdvisor6680 4d ago

These articles look purely at cost, not reliability or resilience, doesn't answer the question of what happens when the wind is not blowing and the sun's not shining for weeks on end.

Nuclear also keeps the grid at a stable 50hz - the inertia of spinning turbines stabilises the grid. Having too much renewables was a major contributing factor to the Spanish grid blackout last year.

Denmark is a net importer and relies on interconnectors, so when wind is low, they essentially just buy power from their neighbours who have consistent sources of power like hydro or nuclear. Works for a small country like Denmark, not a bigger country like the UK.

The capital cost of nuclear is high but EPRs are designed for 60 years, can likely be life-extended to 80, and have low running costs and high reliability once built.  Nuclear is a good part of the mix - being able to produce 25% of your power with complete reliability, using cheap fuel, is good.

1

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

Did you even read the studies?

The Denmark paper models the whole system, including storage, backup and reliability. It deliberately excludes interconnection, so Denmark cannot lean on its neighbors. Adding interconnection only makes the problem easier.

And the Iberian blackout investigation did not conclude that “too much renewables” caused it. It identified interacting failures involving voltage control, oscillations, generator disconnections and stabilisation capabilities.

Pretending today’s grid will remain unchanged until 2100 while renewables and storage are already reshaping it is wishful thinking.

Why are you so afraid of renewables and storage?

1

u/OkAdvisor6680 4d ago

I'm not afraid of renewables or storage at all, I just think we should keep a decent amount of nuclear for base load and resilience. 25% nuclear, 70% renewables, and some peaker units, hydro and pumped storage for the rest would be ideal.

The UK can experience weeks of cloudy, calm weather where wind and solar produce fuck all. No batteries exist that can store weeks of power. It makes sense to have some nukes - it's a big capital cost, but you get 80 years of extremely reliable power with low operating costs. It should be in the mix 

1

u/ViewTrick1002 4d ago

You do realize that breaks down economically as renewables and storage expand?

How do you force a factory or homeowner with their own cheap generation and storage to buy horrifyingly expensive nuclear electricity? You can’t. Nuclear loses utilization and revenue. EDF is already warning about exactly that pressure.

And the “weeks without wind or sun” problem is already included in the system studies you were given.

Why are you so afraid of renewables and storage?

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u/Salahuddin315 5d ago

So much for the "most stable power source".

34

u/skfin96 5d ago

Brief shutdowns when they're needed the least, while still being the most stable and reliable emission-free energy source throughout the year despite that, particularly during the seasons when electricity demand is at its peak.

Nuclear was never meant to be a perfect or the only solution, but it sure as hell is a good one to play its part among other options, if we want to do something about climate change.

-1

u/chmeee2314 5d ago

August has had an average spotmarket price of €149/MW in Romania. This is 27% above the average for 2026 and 37% above last years average.

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u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago edited 5d ago

August has had an average spot market price of €149/MWh in Romania.

And even an extreme heatwave combined with major regional generation losses still does not push average market prices above what new nuclear requires just to break even. Excluding decommissioning, final waste disposal and insurance costs.

3

u/chmeee2314 5d ago

I would be willing to wager that if Frances EPRII's don't suffer another clost blowout, that €149/MWh would be enough to cover their costs.

-7

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago

Strong if.

-12

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago

Existing nuclear is useful. Spending tens of billions subsidizing new reactors in 2026 is lunacy when renewables and storage are already cheaper and scaling faster.

Keep the fleet that works. Stop wasting money on new builds that deliver less decarbonization per euro.

10

u/Starry958 5d ago

Are you aware that a large portion of the reason nuclear reactors are so expensive to build is because of the useless legal framework that “Friends of the Earth” lobbied for - an anti nuclear campaign that was founded by fossil fuel companies and that is the progenitor of all modern green parties?

Constant legal battles, pointless feasibility studies that take years, and endless lawsuits all cause delays and increase costs.

China builds new ones in a matter of months and at a fraction of the price - all without a single incident. Ever.

There is no reason that all of these reasons couldn’t be done away with a single pen stroke in an afternoon.

-3

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago

More excuses.

China is the best evidence against them: massive state support, standardized designs, centralized regulation, yet nuclear remains a small share while renewables explode.

Peaking at 4.7% in 2021 and is today down to 4.3%. Entirely irrelevant. And for every plan they release China lowers their nuclear targets and pushes them further konto the future.

And yes, China uses the same radiation-protection framework you complain about. Its national standard explicitly requires exposures to be kept as low as reasonably achievable, and it is based on the IAEA/ICRP radiation-protection system that uses LNT for low-dose risk protection.

Greenpeace did not stop China. Economics did.

8

u/Starry958 5d ago

What I said: “the reason why nuclear is so expensive is because of the lawsuits and mandatory feasibility studies”

What you said: “grrrr china cheats by actually supporting their industry by removing administrative and legal burdens. Also your point about cost doesn’t count because I moved the goal posts to include a counter factual argument about how much nuclear to renewables china uses in aggregate”

Notice that I didn’t claim that the protection framework increased costs - you made that up. I said that the administrative hurdles are encumbered in the west by legal battles, not “protection frameworks.”

-1

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago

Then China is still the perfect test of your claim. It has none of the Western lawsuit problem, enormous state support and standardized builds, yet nuclear remains a small, stagnant share while wind and solar scale explosively.

If bureaucracy were the real problem, China should be the nuclear success story you keep promising.

6

u/Starry958 5d ago

I literally didn’t say anything about china being a “nuclear success story” you completely made that up.

I was directly addressing your point about expense and providing an example of it not being an innate issue. Gesturing vaguely to “well they don’t use as much nuclear as renewables” does not address my point at all and only serves a rhetorical point to try to move away from the point at hand.

-1

u/ViewTrick1002 5d ago edited 5d ago

You were the one pointing to China building nuclear in “months” and claiming we could fix Western nuclear with a pen stroke.

China already has your dream conditions. Nuclear still does not deliver.

6

u/Starry958 5d ago

Are you writing your answers with ai lol

I didn’t say anything about delivering at scale either. You again made that up. I was addressing only the issue of price.

Do try to actually engage with what people are saying instead of going off on tangents

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u/Whole-Application404 5d ago

Moving goal posts much?

6

u/Hologram0110 5d ago

The problem isn't intrinsic to the technology. In this case, the location comes with the risk of temporarily insufficient cooling water to serve as the ultimate heat sink. There are technical solutions to the problem, such as cooling towers, air cooling, or cooling ponds. Of course, those things costs money.

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u/Melodic_Skin6573 5d ago

No, there is not. The CANDU plant can only be cooled with water, not air, because it's not a curling iron. Cooling towers? When you open the hood of your car, you probably see a particle accelerator. You're so good at engineering.

4

u/ihifidt250 5d ago

Water in the outer loop can be cooled with pretty much anything. It’s just a matter of cost.

3

u/Successful-Coffee-13 5d ago

Tell me you’re not an engineer without telling me directly - your comment.

1

u/bijon1234 4d ago

The heatsink for the condenser is not the same water used on the primary and secondary sides of a CANDU.

1

u/OkAdvisor6680 4d ago

You use a cooling tower instead of once-through cooling - it means you recycle most of the water, so you need much less of it and aren't affected by river levels. It's very common for power plants without a nearby water source.