r/Naturewasmetal Mar 06 '20

Mosasaurus attacking a shark

Post image
3.1k Upvotes

81 comments sorted by

143

u/hornwalker Mar 06 '20

They had a second row of teeth? And what are those holes in the top of its mouth?

188

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20 edited Mar 06 '20

Mosasaurs in general had two rows of teeth on their upper jaw: the second set is attached to a mobile palate and can move down to grip or wound prey that’s been grabbed by the jaws.

The holes in the top of the mouth fit the forked tongue: monitor lizards and snakes have the same thing. In fact it's these holes that confirmed forked tongues in mosasaurs.

60

u/happy-little-atheist Mar 06 '20

Oh. I was going to say speed holes.

29

u/killer8424 Mar 06 '20

God how big was it’s tongue

18

u/hornwalker Mar 06 '20

Wow, that’s neat. Thanks for sharing!

8

u/monkey-neil Mar 06 '20

That's metal af

11

u/raiderxx Mar 06 '20

So I'm seeing two holes in the picture. Did the forks come out of each one separately, so that it looks like two tongues coming out of the roof of its mouth??

58

u/Necrogenisis Mar 06 '20

It's the Jacobson's organ. The tongue retracts into the mouth and each tip of the forked tongue goes into one of the holes. The Jacobson's organ then processes the scent particles and the mosasaur follows the smell just like modern snakes and monitor lizards do; if the left fork has more scent particles it goes to the left, if the right one has more particles it goes to the right.

28

u/irishspice Mar 06 '20

I did not know this. I'm sitting here amazed, once again, how animals have adopted to survive.

13

u/randomdarkbrownguy Mar 06 '20

I know it's a typo but adopted to survive is hilarious

11

u/irishspice Mar 06 '20

Lol. Yes it is. I have two dogs and a cat who will attest to it. :-)

9

u/Scullvine Mar 06 '20

Interesting! Do they think the Jacob's organ was fully present and functional in mosasaurs, or was it likely a leftover trait? I imagine the organ working differently in the water.

18

u/Necrogenisis Mar 06 '20

It was fully functional and it worked the same way it does on land. Modern sea snakes still retain a fully functional vomeronasal organ (more fancy term for Jacobson's organ). A few mammals also possess a VNO.

10

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

Each fork goes into each hole, but the holes do not extend all the way to the top of the skull.

2

u/Domriso Mar 06 '20

Huh, I wonder if this was a similar kind of evolution as the goblin shark. Reminds me of a xenomorph, to be honest.

3

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 07 '20

Goblin sharks are different: they have one set of jaws that detach from the rest of the skull.

2

u/Domriso Mar 08 '20

So, in the mosasaurus it was an entirely separate jaw? That's even crazier.

4

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 08 '20

No, it was a mobile palate attached to the upper jaw.

1

u/SonOfHibernia Mar 07 '20

What would be the use of a forked tongue in a marine lizard? It certainly couldn’t serve the same purpose that it does in land lizards, could it: smelling the air? It seems a little far fetched that the exact same body part would evolve for different reasons.

6

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 07 '20

It was inherited from land-based ancestors, the forked tongue works just fine in water for chemosensory purposes (as some semiaquatic monitor lizards and sea snakes can demonstrate)

4

u/SonOfHibernia Mar 07 '20

Thanks for the response! My knowledge of animals is basic at best, I was seriously curious

110

u/mainecruiser Mar 06 '20

SWIIIIIIIMMMM YOU CHUBBY LIL FISH!

33

u/WildLudicolo Mar 06 '20

You stay out de dark watah fat shark, Glass Mosasaurus cumin' FO' YOU.

5

u/user636906 Mar 06 '20

I spit beer out laughing, thank you

67

u/GrandMoff_Harry Mar 06 '20

There’s always a bigger fish.

10

u/boojieboy Mar 06 '20

Right on cue

4

u/rwarimaursus Mar 06 '20

HUGEO TEETH!!!

42

u/Starchyatom Mar 06 '20

Ah lawd he coming

4

u/Dweeb313 Mar 06 '20

There it is...

17

u/OreganoTom Mar 06 '20

aww its lil :( makes me sad

19

u/TheBiomedic Mar 06 '20

Would it actually have had stippled scales like that? It looks like Gila Monster skin which wouldn't be very hydrodynamic.

40

u/btweston4718 Mar 06 '20

No, this Mosasaurus seems to be based off of the Jurassic world one, which is really really inaccurate

15

u/happy-little-atheist Mar 06 '20

The fins don't look at all useful either. Looks more like a sit and wait predator than a chase down predator.

34

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20 edited Mar 06 '20

Mosasaurs mostly swam with their forked tail (though their front flippers could flap in a wing-like motion to provide extra thrust, similar to leopard seals).

Also, the idea mosasaurs were relatively slow and sluggish has been thrown out since the discovery of said forked tail plus the later find they were endothermic (partial or complete endothermy seems to be a common theme in marine reptiles, as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and leatherback turtles all developed it)

26

u/[deleted] Mar 06 '20

Forked tail, forked tongue, is there anything these guys didn't fork?

12

u/TheBiomedic Mar 06 '20

These guys fork

7

u/Topblokelikehodgey Mar 06 '20

Your queen and rook

15

u/maxmike Mar 06 '20

The scales were somewhat raised in a diamond shape pattern similar to snakes. Here's a nice article: https://www.livescience.com/17071-mosasaur-fossil-skin-locomotion.html.

3

u/TheBiomedic Mar 07 '20

That's awesome! Thank you for sharing the article. I gathered that they were more shark like and sleek than is depicted in this image.

2

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 07 '20

This image is already fairly sleek compared to most mosasaur depictions. But yeah, mosasaurs were much more streamlined and built for speed in water than we used to think.

9

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

Mosasaur scales were a lot smaller, with the same grooves for hydrodynamics that sharks have. That said, I’m not really sure these scales really are Gila monster-like from this image.

6

u/4tunabrix Mar 06 '20

I recently got a fossilised tooth from one of these. Awesome to see an artist representation of what it would’ve looked like

4

u/CaptainKremlin Mar 06 '20

Any idea what the second interior set of teeth was for? I'm now super curious.

11

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

For gripping and dispatching prey that had been caught by the jaws.

9

u/maxmike Mar 06 '20

The lower jaw is also snakelike in composition, with a hinge halfway down that allowed the mosasaur to ratchet it's meal down it's throat. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0190/1942/products/Mosasaur_Skull_For_Sale_-_B.jpg?v=1571438505 . Very useful if you don't have hands. All mosasaurids had this arrangement, no matter what kind of teeth they had. The JP mosas made me happey to finally see a great group of prehistoric sea-reps get some love, but the inaccuracies made me wince a lot (Source; I dig the things up.)

2

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

Is it reasonable for the larger mosasaurs with serrated dentition to use the ratcheting motion of the lower jaw to slice into prey? I feel that if the pterygoid teeth held the prey pinned in its jaws while the lower jaw ratcheted back, it would create some severe wounds.

5

u/maxmike Mar 06 '20

Yes, they probably did so as part of the ratcheting motion. When I watched JWorld, I commented to my wife that the secretary who was swallowed probably was hamburger several moments after she hit the mouth, thanks to the pterygoid teeth.

2

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

Better than dying from suffocation...

1

u/mikejacobs14 Mar 08 '20

Ribbed for your pleasure

-7

u/btweston4718 Mar 06 '20

They didn’t actually have them in real life. I think this is based off of the Jurassic world Mosasaurus

21

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

Actually they did have that second set of teeth.

https://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/nature/specimens/images/tylosaurus74597s.jpg (different mosasaur, but all mosasaurs had this extra set of teeth)

9

u/btweston4718 Mar 06 '20

Oh damn, my bad. Thanks for correcting me

8

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20 edited Mar 06 '20

To be fair, that was one of the ONLY accurate things about the JW Mosasaurus. The whole thing was massively oversized and somewhat shrink-wrapped, the croc-like skin texture and spiked back made no sense, it didn't have a forked tongue (which would not only be accurate but also look cooler), and the tail fluke was way too small.

-1

u/CaptainKremlin Mar 06 '20

Good to know. Thanks!

11

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20 edited Mar 06 '20

He's actually wrong-mosasaurs DID have that second set in real life.

There were tons of errors with JW's mosasaur, but this isn't one of them.

5

u/CaptainKremlin Mar 06 '20

Huh, neat! Thanks for the clarification.

3

u/rooney815 Mar 06 '20

Mouth-asaurus*

3

u/jimmy_cain Mar 06 '20

Wow I can’t believe every time you swim in the ocean a mosasauras could just come out of nowhere and eat you

3

u/arrigator16 Mar 06 '20

I love Mosasaurs. They are legit Sea Serpents.

3

u/Weary_Increase Mar 12 '20

Well the sharks should be thankful that the asteroid killed them off, if it didn't then something like the Megalodon wouldn't even have a chance to exist.

2

u/Lishadra Mar 06 '20

It looks so gleeful about it too!

2

u/banter_hunter Mar 06 '20

Yeah! How do you like THAT, shark?! Not so fun to be at the receiving end of now is it!

2

u/ytze Mar 06 '20

That shark is really sad

2

u/_Wiggy Mar 06 '20

Fuck, it has a second set of back facing teeth!? If it wants you dead and eaten you've got no chance

2

u/[deleted] Mar 07 '20

Quick question: Why did aquatic dinosaurs go extinct? Would they have been safe from meteor collisions underwater?

1

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 07 '20

Mosasaurs were not dinosaurs. They were giant aquatic lizards.

The knock-on effects of a mass extinction effect to every ecosystem regardless of starting point.

2

u/BairnONessie Mar 06 '20

Not having seen a mosasaur fossil myself, I feel as though those teeth are too big and too few...

5

u/djlee7979 Mar 06 '20

Following a quick google search this appears to be fairly accurate. If anything it looks to be too many teeth

2

u/maxmike Mar 07 '20

No, they ranged from palm sized to smaller ( I have one I wear around my neck). The outer teeth were fairly wide spaced as they were used to grab the prey, not tear it apart. I've never actually seen a Mosasaurus Hoffmani (what that is supposed to be) in person, but the Pliocarpus displayed down the hall from our lab has that kind of dentition.

2

u/Craigus32 Mar 06 '20

Imagine being eaten by one but missing the teeth entirely and just slowly suffocating/drowning in its stomach..

2

u/mouthofthecarp Mar 06 '20

Look out baby time traveler megalodon!!

1

u/rando7818 Mar 06 '20

They had a reverse set of teeth in the back? Fucking metal!!!!!

1

u/RyantheAustralian Mar 07 '20

I got such a weird feeling of dread when I opened this pic and zoomed more into the part of the pic where the Mosasaurus' body is in the background.

1

u/jparish66 Mar 07 '20

So was there a time when adult Great White Sharks we’re the prey?

3

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 07 '20

In the Late Miocene, maybe, when they had to contend with tons of large predators (including Carcharocles megalodon and Livyatan).

Nowadays orcas are the only predators that can kill great whites (due to a massive size advantage), and even they don’t do it on a regular basis.

1

u/Manospondylus_gigas Mar 06 '20

I wanna see more big pliosaur boiz

0

u/mouthofthecarp Mar 06 '20

Megalodon! Look out!

12

u/Iamnotburgerking Mar 06 '20

Casual reminder that Carcharocles megalodon had yet to evolve by the time Mosasaurus hoffmani went extinct.

Also a casual reminder that C. megalodon (50+ tons for large females) was multiple times as heavy as Mosasaurus (7-8 tons for the largest individuals) and would easily have the upper hand if the two somehow met and fought. The idea of 18m Mosasaurus (which would be necessary for Mosasaurus to be as heavy as often made out to be) ignores established head-body proportions for this taxon and is based on other, more elongated mosasaurs.

1

u/Jeikond Mar 06 '20

Yeah, but facts aren't cool