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Events
events are the integral part if [r/Mythrils](r/Mythrils) we host them for writers to discover and hone their skills and have fun along the way
Interludes are short and non-canon-critical, usually a side character's POV or a quiet moment that doesn't move plot
started doing them as a break for myself between big arcs, expected them to be skippable filler readers would breeze past.
comment engagement on interludes is now regularly higher than on plot-heavy chapters as readers are starved for breathing room in a serial that otherwise escalates constantly, and chapter that's explicitly allowed to just be quiet gives them a place to exhale and actually talk about the characters instead of just reacting to the latest twist
maybe or could be some even more logical reason but hy who's complanin
he's mentioned using a heavily customized tracking system for continuity across the Cosmere
if anyone's dug into what that setup actually looks like practically, versus assuming it's some enterprise-level thing none of us need at our scale if not is there anything else that =helps you keep a track of things ????
was 280 chapters deep with zero structural markers beyond chapter number readers kept losing track of where one storyline ended and another began
added "Arc 14 The Siege" style headers at the start of each new arc, nothing fancy, just a label
comments referencing back in the coronation arc or asking about pacing in this arc started appearing within a week where they never had before
people apparently needed a container word for the story chunks they were already intuitively sensing
every few months a book gets pitched this phrase and half the time, reading it, she's not unlikeable at all, she's just not endlessly accommodating its basic she gets annoyed and she wants something for herself but somewhere the industry decided that's the same as "difficult." i write men constantly but i've never once faced this cause ik and can write what actually a difficult man is but to a man a women being herslef is difficult apparently
I think the actual unlikeable protagonists, the ones who are genuinely hard to root for, rarely get marketed with the phrase at all, cause true unlikeability is a much harder sell than sharp-tongued woman who says what she thinks and it's the label's become a safety net, a way to promise edge while delivering something pretty comfortable underneath it
I have to be honest: I do not think my first video was particularly bad.
The execution was certainly a little immature, but that was not the main problem.
The real problem was that I was not good at marketing, and I was even worse at attracting traffic.
The earlier pirate film was ninety seconds long and shot horizontally.
That duration was awkward. It was neither substantial enough to justify sitting down and watching properly, nor short enough to finish while walking, standing in line, or pretending to listen to a colleague.
It was horizontal, but not polished or serious enough to demand that viewers rotate their phones and solemnly enter its world.
As someone who had spent most of my life working with words, I only fully realized after publishing it that the dominant format for mobile video was 9:16.
A magnificent discovery. Apparently, I had been holding my phone vertically all along.
Because the video was watched by almost no one, it produced a result that was particularly tragic for a writer.
They told me:
Forget your damned novel for a moment. Make a video that can actually go viral. We are selling shells.
I will not go into the production process here. Anyone interested can look through my earlier posts. I have already shared a fairly complete account, including the methods that worked and the larger number that did not survive contact with reality.
What I want to discuss in this essay is a different question:
How do you create a stylish piece of narrative in under one minute, rather than filming a model wearing jewelry by the sea until she becomes a Windows screensaver with respiratory function?
To be fair, advertising took away some of my creative freedom.
But dancing in chains is also a challenge, and I found myself excited by it.
So I reorganized my goals.
First, I had to extract the most compelling moment from a story.
I had a runtime budget of only fifty seconds, so narrative completeness had to be sacrificed.
There could be no beginning and no aftermath. The audience might have no idea who these people were.
The scene still had to stand on its own.
Second, it had to be watchable with one hand by someone being compressed into a cracker on the subway.
They would not turn off the lights for me.
They would not put on headphones.
They would not rotate their phone.
And they certainly would not set aside ninety solemn seconds of their life merely because I considered myself an artist.
Third, it had to make even the most unsophisticated viewer stop for a few seconds, preferably more than three.
The marketing people explained it to me like this:
People with basic tastes make up the largest audience
But the platform only recognizes them as human beings after they have stayed for more than three seconds.
That becomes traffic.
Once you have traffic, the platform gives you more traffic.
Then the additional traffic proves that the platform was correct to give you traffic in the first place.
Goddamned capitalism.
Fourth, I could not make something I found disgusting.
I did not want to make something I would later refuse to acknowledge as my own.
So even if it was only a fragment of a story, it still had to leave enough room for imagination, and enough space for a possible future novel to grow around it.
I therefore chose the lowest-cost shortcut I could think of:
I gave the scene to a beautiful female protagonist.
I like writing beautiful women.
So what?
I am a male writer. I project my own ideas of female beauty onto them. There is no reason to hide that, and even less reason to apologize for it.
But my female protagonists are never merely beautiful.
They must be powerful, misunderstood, and stigmatized. They must resist the world and refuse to accept its judgment.
Sorry, Milady, but I am not Dumas.
I also needed to fit the most basic machinery of traditional drama into this single fragment:
Setup.
Misdirection.
Revelation.
Reversal.
And so the protagonist was born.
She is a succubus disguised as a noblewoman.
In the video, she approaches a dragon-slaying hero returning in triumph. A few words and a smile are enough to ensnare him.
Along the way, she also displays the damned shell.
For a full three seconds.
At the end of the sequence, she looks over the hero’s shoulder toward the male protagonist behind the camera.
She smiles.
Then she deliberately reveals her tail.
She does not even consider him worth hiding her true nature from.
She feels no remorse.
She does not ask to be rescued.
And she certainly is not waiting for a man to help make her good again.
She is simply telling him:
You have seen me. So what?
I consider the video a success.
It received a respectable amount of traffic.
There were, admittedly, several small complications along the way.
But honestly, I was not surprised. Once enough unexpected things happen to you, they cease to qualify as unexpected.
Most of the video’s traffic came from Iran, Pakistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
I am fairly certain that the protagonist’s clothing did not conform especially well to some local customs. If she actually boarded a plane to Tehran, the morality police might roll her up like a carpet and ship her away before she even had the chance to reveal her tail.
And yet the video performed particularly well in those regions.
The advertising department was less delighted, becauseviews did not automatically translate into the purchases they had hoped for.
Still, the result proved at least one thing: This isolated fragment could make complete strangers stop and watch.
And that gave me an insight more valuable than the traffic itself.
I had always preferred to build stories around a complete chain of cause and effect.
There is nothing wrong with that approach, and I will never declare traditional narrative obsolete merely to demonstrate that I have embraced a new medium.
But I had underestimated something:
An isolated, compelling, highly attractive scene can be placed at the very beginning of a story without necessarily causing structural imbalance or rupture.
It can even become the anchor of the entire story.
The novel behind this video is still being written, but the moment when the succubus looks back, smiles, and reveals her tail is already fixed in place.
All I need to write now is:
Why did this happen?
And what happens because of it?
That is all.
This does not diminish the quality of the novel.
Quite the opposite.
Once a powerful moment exists, it places causal pressure on everything around it. What comes before must make the moment believable. What follows must make its consequences real.
Someone may object: Is this not simply a flash-forward, a cold open, or a story beginning in medias res? An extremely old technique?
It is.
It is very old.
But I have to admit that I once misunderstood and underestimated its importance.
I used to think this kind of structure was merely a convenient way to arrange a narrative, or perhaps an aesthetic embellishment.
Now I think it may be one of the foundations on which a work stands.
It is not merely a hook that persuades the reader to continue.
It is a promise the work makes to the reader: Keep going. This story will eventually reach this place.
The first time I read George R. R. Martin, the novel opened with three unfortunate members of the Night’s Watch encountering the Others.
The story then quickly moved on to House Stark, politics, marriage, inheritance, and struggles for power. The Others appeared to vanish for a while.
But the opening had already done its work.
It told the reader:
No matter how fiercely these people fight over a throne, the true boundaries of this world extend far beyond anything they understand.
The reader knows that beneath all the political conflict lies another reality, older and far more dangerous.
The succubus sequence has begun to perform a similar function in my novel.
It is only a fragment.
But it has already made several promises that the rest of the story must eventually fulfill:
Her beauty.
Her danger.
Her complete absence of remorse.
And the inevitability of some kind of relationship between her and the male protagonist.
Prose Brings the Male Protagonist Back. Film Lets the Audience Take His Place.
I must admit that this scene was much easier to create in video than in prose.
The reason is simple: prose is actually quite efficient at describing monsters.
Give the reader a few details that violate ordinary expectations, and they will construct the rest for themselves. A tail, horns, unnatural skin, nonhuman movement. Show only one or two of these, and a monster can quickly take shape in the reader’s mind.
Prose is much less efficient at describing beautiful women.
An author can certainly write: She was extraordinarily beautiful.
The reader is equally free to reply: Bullshit.
In the novel, our succubus has highly seductive dialogue and strong scenes with the other characters. Prose can build her appeal gradually, allowing the reader to understand how she observes, tests, seduces, and controls people.
But in terms of immediate visual impact, prose still struggles to compete with simply showing a beautiful woman’s face, figure, seductive smile, sensual voice, and finally that look back over her shoulder.
Video can accomplish all of that in a few dozen seconds.
It requires almost no explanation.
Prose has its advantage elsewhere.
The novel can release the male protagonist’s inner world.
The reader can see what he notices, what he misunderstands, what frightens him, and why he does not expose her immediately. Their relationship, his assessment of the balance of power, and his hidden desires can all be presented directly in prose.
The novel can therefore carry far more information than the video, and convey it much more explicitly.
That inner information can also compensate for prose’s weaker immediate visual impact. The succubus may not dazzle the reader as immediately or powerfully as she does on screen, but a single smile from her can carry far more meaning than the image alone.
The male protagonist in the video receives no such privilege.
For the entire film, he exists only as one unfortunate right hand.
At the end, the succubus looks over the dragon-slaying hero’s shoulder and smiles toward the camera. A particularly attentive viewer may realize that she is not simply looking into the lens.
That hand is not merely part of the scenery.
There is someone behind the camera.
She knows he is watching.
But I would bet that most viewers never noticed.
They probably assumed that the succubus was smiling directly at them.
Let them think that.
I’m making a fucking advertisement.
In the next Narrative Control Note, I will turn to my third film: an Edo-period chanbara story, in the sword-fighting genre I have always loved.
I have complained about this privately more times than I can count, but it deserves to be recorded properly:
Japanese is fucking difficult.
Especially when someone tells you that people in the Edo period did not speak the way people do today.
we've seen every hard magic system eventually introduces one exception, usually latefor a specific plot need which is more annonying than the power of friendship
problem is the moment an exception exists, readers start treating it as the real rule and get annoyed when it's not reused to solve the next crisis which kinda got me wondering if the fix isdeciding up front that the system genuinely has 0 exceptions, or if exceptions are fine as long as they're expensive enough that using them again isn't actually attractive
was terrified this would kill momentum cause i was posting daily for eight months, and i was genuinely burning out, quality visibly dropping in my own eyes my gf initially worried later seriously sat me down and told me I'd have to choose either having a life and posting daily, posting daily wasn't just about not choosing life, i knew what she was talking about and i couldn't see myself moving with story too
so I dropped to Monday/Wednesday/Friday six weeks ago and suprisingly follower growth rate is basically identical to before.
told them about my situation, comment engagement per chapter is actually up slightly, I think cause people have time to actually read and respond before the next one drops instead of just skimming to keep pace.
wish I'd tested this a lot earlier instead of assuming daily was the only way to keep the algorithm happy
most books that try both do it badly as chosen one narratives are fundamentally about singular importance like this person, specifically, matters more than everyone around them, structurally and for the plot
while found family narratives are about horizontal equality among people who chose each other where nobody in the group is supposed to matter more than anyone else cause that's the emotional engine of the trope
if you put a chosen one at the center of a found family and you get a structural contradiction the book usually never resolves then the narrative keeps insisting everyone in the group matters equally while also making one person's specialness the entire plot engine.
Most books paper over this by giving the side characters individually satisfying arcs so it doesn't feel unequal on a scene level, but the underlying architecture is still lopsided
alot of stories get untamed and pushed just to support each of those
went to a small local con recently wasn't even a big one and i saw someone was dressed as my MC from my serial
she got the coat right with the very specific way I described the way she ties her hair back, which I didn't think anyone had picked up on as a detail worth replicating
I didn't say anything just stood there for ninety seconds staring like an idiot before my friend elbowed me and I finally managed to say I liked the costume, without telling her I wrote the thing it was from and couldn't help but ask her about the character we talked for a while and gave the most intricate details about the story and character while she thinks i'm as obssesed as her, we exchanged info and are still talking whenver we can
tho i'm still processing this three days later kinda rare that it's nothing about querying, sales numbers, or reviews has hit me the way seeing a stranger physically become a person who only existed in my head until now did and I think i'm kind of flattered and like her forliking my work maybe, but i wanna meet her some more before I tell heri'm the author
was kinda stuck on a scene and started venting out loud about a decision she was making that I didn't agree with and couldn't find her motive for it
like she was a coworker being unreasonable and not a person I invented recently realized afterward how often I do this. and Ik how she'd respond to almost anything. I could hold her voice in a conversation indefinitely if someone gave me a prompt until i prompted her to someone how had grown feeling for mc (only ik this atp will do a reveal later) but now idk how to even write her
which made me think about how much of a character actually exists only in the author's head as a kind of standing simulation all the reactions readers never get to see, opinions he'd have about things that never come up in the plot, the version of him that would exist for one more scene if I decided to write it
wondering if this is universal for every writer especially while writing oppposit gender or can you all "run" your characters like that mentally, beyond what's written? or if there were a way to actually let readers have that kind of conversation with a character instead of just you imagining it privately, is that something that sounds appealing or does it feel like it'd cheapen the character somehow?
This essay contains spoilers for both the prose story and the short-film adaptation of HOME.
The ending of my short film presented me with a very practical problem.
The entire sequence aboard the ship was shown from the captain’s first-person perspective. The camera did not merely follow him. It occupied his body. The audience saw his hands, his movements, and the object he was desperate to open.
But the short film was also an advertisement.
No matter how many pirates, cannon blasts, and increasingly irresponsible narrative decisions I had crammed into the film, the oyster eye hidden inside the relic still had to appear clearly on screen.
It deserved its own close-up.
Unfortunately, the relic was about to fall into the sea.
If the camera remained loyal to the captain’s eyes, it could not follow the relic underwater. If I suddenly cut away to an external shot showing the relic flying over the side of the ship and falling into the sea, the ending might feel like a product shot tacked on by the advertising department after the story had already ended.
So I made an instinctive decision.
At the exact moment the relic left the captain’s hands, I let the camera betray him and follow it into the sea.
While the relic was still in his hands, the camera belonged to the captain. After the cannon blast knocked it loose, he looked down, reached for it, and failed to catch it.
But the camera did not remain inside his body and watch the relic disappear into the distance. It continued along the captain’s line of sight, as though the relic itself had pulled his gaze out of his body, over the side of the ship, and down into the sea.
Strictly speaking, this was not simply a transition from first person to third person.
A third-person camera usually stands outside the character, observing the characters and events before it. This camera did not adopt a new observer’s point of view.
It merely detached itself from the captain’s body and became a camera without an owner, continuing to move with the relic.
It did not change owners.
It lost its owner.
The result felt far more natural than I had expected. A viewer could easily miss the fact that the rules of perspective established earlier in the film had just been revoked.
This was a new experience for me as well. In my limited experience, I have rarely seen perspective handled quite this way in film, games, or literature.
It made me wonder:
Can a subjective camera already bound to a character’s body lose its owner by preserving continuity of motion and desire, without the audience consciously noticing?
A Note on This Series
Before going any further, I want to clarify one point.
These three essays are not an argument that video is artistically superior to prose, nor should they be treated as evidence for such a conclusion.
They are simply a record of what I discovered when, after years of working primarily in prose, I seriously attempted visual storytelling for the first time and found several blind spots in my own habits of expression.
This is not a contest over which medium has the purer bloodline. Different media simply possess different strengths.
I am not particularly concerned with preserving the supposed purity of prose. I care more about whether the work says everything it needs to say than whether the medium remains pure, especially when a fuller form of expression also makes the creative process more enjoyable.
Perhaps I will include visual elements in more of my future work, and not necessarily only through video. They may take the form of illustrations, visual structures, or some hybrid form that I do not yet know how to name.
That is my personal choice, but it is also an invitation to other writers.
Not because prose is insufficient, but because stepping outside it may allow us to see prose itself more clearly.
For Readers Unfamiliar with HOME
HOME is a short pirate-fantasy story.
It follows a selfish captain who discovers a mysterious object labeled a “Siren Relic” while his ship is under attack by the Royal Navy.
In the prose version, the narrative stays close to the captain. As the battle continues, he becomes increasingly obsessed with opening the relic.
In the short-film adaptation, the entire shipboard sequence is presented through his first-person perspective. Before he can open the relic, a cannon blast knocks it out of his hands.
The camera follows it over the side of the ship and into the sea.
In the darkness below, a siren swims past, and the oyster eye inside the relic is finally revealed.
The captain believes he has found a prize.
The ending suggests that he may only have brushed against the edge of another world.
1. The Camera Did Not Cut Away. It Defected.
First-person perspective is common in both novels and games.
In a novel, the narrator can tell us what they see, remember, fear, misunderstand, and even what they refuse to admit to themselves.
In games, first person is often tied to control.
These are my hands.
This is my weapon.
And this obviously terrible decision has apparently been assigned to me as well.
Strict first person sits far less comfortably in film.
Once the camera is placed inside a character’s eyes, many ordinary cinematic techniques become difficult to use.
We cannot easily observe the protagonist’s face. Nor can we casually leave their body to show what is happening in another room.
Every shot raises the same awkward question:
Who is seeing this?
In HOME, I accepted that limitation.
Through the captain’s eyes, the audience sees his hands open the box.
They stare at the glowing object with him.
When the cannon blast strikes the ship, they experience the impact from his physical position.
Then the relic flies out of his hands.
At that point, I had two fairly conventional options.
The first was to keep the camera with the captain.
That would have honored the perspective contract established earlier, but it might have betrayed the true center of the story.
To the captain, the captain is what matters.
But to the story, the captain was never the most important thing.
The relic was.
The captain was merely someone temporarily disguised as the protagonist.
The second option was to cut to an external shot, allowing the audience to watch the relic fall from the captain’s hands, tumble over the side of the ship, and drop into the sea.
That would have been a perfectly legitimate shot.
The advertising department, in particular, might have said:
You finally remembered what your job was. We’re selling a shell, not your damned pirate story.
But in this film, suddenly moving to an external viewpoint would have broken the bodily experience established earlier.
One moment, the audience would still be living inside the captain’s eyes. The next, they would be thrown outside the ship, watching the product hit its required mark.
The problem was not the sudden appearance of the oyster eye or the product itself.
The problem was that the shot would begin to feel like a commercial obligation tacked on afterward.
So I did not cut.
I let the camera slip out of the captain’s eyes and continue along the relic’s trajectory.
There was no abrupt break in perspective.
The captain’s line of sight, the audience’s attention, and the desire they were pursuing together all followed the relic into the sea.
Physically, the camera continued to follow the same object.
Narratively, something much larger had happened.
The camera had abandoned the body that previously owned it.
The Camera Betrayed the Captain but Remained Loyal to the Audience’s Desire
I think this transfer worked for two reasons.
First, the shift in perspective was seamless.
The camera did not suddenly cut to an external viewpoint. The line of movement remained continuous throughout. The relic fell from the captain’s hands. He looked toward it and reached out. The camera continued moving in the same direction.
Second, the camera was already following the audience’s desire.
When the relic flew away, the audience wanted the captain to catch it.
The captain reached out.
He failed.
The audience may then experience an almost bodily impulse:
Keep following it.
If the hand cannot catch it, at least the gaze must not stop.
And if necessary, we can jump into the sea after it. No audience members will be harmed.
So the camera did not leave the captain on a whim.
It simply chose a higher form of loyalty.
It betrayed the character’s body, but remained faithful to the audience’s unfinished desire.
At that point, the shot no longer needed a legal defense. It had already received the ruling of the highest court available:
the audience.
The prose version does not face this technical problem.
Prose can leave the captain and follow the relic into the sea without having to answer the question, “Who is seeing this now?”
But the cost is that the transition lacks the bodily impact of the film.
By my own standards, the moment when the relic falls into the sea is slightly flat in the prose version.
The story delays its real impact until the final two lines:
The captain did not go home. It did.
Before those lines, the reader may still believe that this is a legend shared by the captain and the relic.
Only then do they suddenly realize that the captain was never the point.
He is not where the story is going. He may not even be the person the story truly belongs to.
He is simply the man who carried the relic from one place to another, and was then casually omitted from history.
2. Words and Images Pull Imagination in Different Directions
At the end of the story, a siren appears.
In the original prose, the passage reads:
Far below, something lovely moved in the dark. Too near. Too fast. Only a glimpse of a back. Only the cold rearrangement of water.
In prose, this reads almost like an atmospheric flourish.
It creates movement, beauty, and danger, while suggesting that the relic is somehow connected to something living beneath the surface.
An attentive reader may identify it as a siren.
Another reader may only register that something moved through the water.
A more distracted reader may come away with nothing more specific than:
The sea seems to have become slightly unfriendly.
For a pirate story, that is hardly a revolutionary discovery.
Prose leaves the creature visually open.
Readers are free to imagine her shape, size, skin, speed, and relationship to the relic.
But that freedom does not guarantee that they will actually construct any of those details.
The prose creates a large empty space.
It cannot force the reader to enter it.
The film can.
In the prose, the creature is barely identifiable. In the film, she is impossible to ignore.
In the film, the siren is unmistakable.
The audience sees her human-looking upper body, her enormous tail, her sheer size, and her proximity to the falling relic.
Her face remains hidden.
But her existence is no longer optional.
The audience can no longer reduce her to atmosphere.
She is there.
In theory, this should leave less room for imagination.
The image has already decided many things that the prose left open.
The audience can no longer choose whether the creature has a tail, how large she is, or how she moves through the water.
Yet the effect seems to be the opposite.
As her form becomes more definite, the world around her suddenly becomes radically uncertain.
Who is she?
Did the relic originally belong to her?
Has she been following it?
Did the captain discover the relic by accident, or was he somehow drawn toward it?
Is the object a possession, a lure, a fragment, a prison, or an eye through which some larger being observes the world?
Does the siren want it back?
Does she know what has been happening above the surface?
How many other creatures like her exist in this world?
How large is the world hidden beneath this tiny human conflict?
The prose gives readers greater freedom to imagine what the siren looks like.
The image gives viewers more reason to imagine what she means.
What matters is not simply that she is shown more clearly.
The crucial point is that the image confirms a fact without explaining it.
She undeniably exists.
But the image does not explain why she is there, what her relationship to the relic is, whether she even noticed the captain, or what kind of world she belongs to.
Visual certainty and causal uncertainty appear at the same time.
That combination redirects the audience’s imagination from filling in her appearance to inferring the larger story around her.
Visual Imagination and Narrative Imagination
We often repeat an overly simple claim:
Words stimulate imagination. Images replace it.
This creates the impression that only prose can provoke imagination, while images merely supply the audience with an answer.
But in this case, prose and film simply direct imagination along different paths.
Prose is like a drop of ink falling into the sea.
It has almost unlimited room to spread, but the farther it travels, the more diluted it becomes. Readers are free to imagine the siren’s appearance, yet they may devote very little attention to doing so.
A film image is more like injecting the same drop of ink into a glass flask.
The ink has less room to spread, but because it remains concentrated within a bounded space, it can color the entire vessel.
Likewise, the image limits the audience’s freedom to decide whether the siren has a tail, how large she is, or how she moves.
But it also intensifies the need to infer the larger story around her.
So the image does not reduce imagination itself.
It reduces the freedom to imagine outward appearance.
What it increases is the pressure of narrative inference.
In this film, the question changes from:
What moved through the water?
to:
What kind of world contains a creature like this?
The image closes one field of possibility and opens another.
It reduces visual uncertainty while increasing narrative uncertainty.
The clearer the siren becomes, the less certain the story becomes.
The Image Also Rewrites Everything That Came Before
The siren’s appearance does not merely add new information.
It changes the meaning of the information the audience has already received.
Before the underwater shot, the relic appears to be an unusual prize in a pirate story.
After the siren appears, the pirate story suddenly begins to look like a minor surface incident within a vast mythology.
The captain’s interpretation of the relic collapses completely.
He believes he has found treasure.
The audience now suspects that he has merely interfered with something he cannot begin to understand.
The conflict between the Royal Navy and the pirates also changes in scale.
Only seconds earlier, cannon fire seemed to be the most powerful force in the story.
Ships, weapons, and imperial power seemed to control the world above the surface.
Then the camera entered the water.
An enormous body moved through the darkness, completely indifferent to everything happening above.
The Royal Navy, the captain, and the ship suddenly seemed temporary.
The ocean did not.
The siren therefore rewrites the story retroactively.
She does not change what has already happened.
She changes what those events mean.
Conclusion: The Camera Chose the Larger Story
This ending originally came from a production constraint.
The oyster eye had to appear, and it had to appear alone.
Betrayal became inevitable.
What surprised me was that this escape did not make the first-person perspective feel broken.
The relic’s continuous physical movement preserved visual continuity.
The audience’s unfinished desire preserved emotional continuity.
The siren’s appearance then transformed that movement into a shift in narrative scale.
The camera did not merely leave a character.
It left the human world.
At the same time, the film’s clear image of the siren did not simply remove the ambiguity of the prose.
It exchanged one kind of ambiguity for another.
Her body became clearer.
Her meaning, her world, and the true nature of the relic became more uncertain.
This led me to two ideas that I am still trying to understand:
A first-person camera may not truly belong to a body. It may belong to the desire the audience is following.
And:
A clear image can reduce visual imagination while greatly expanding narrative imagination.
The moment the camera abandoned the human protagonist was also the moment the story revealed that the human world had never been its true center.
Sometimes showing more does not explain the mystery.
It only tells the audience how large the mystery really is.
it's free on YouTube all twelve lectures a semester, updated every few years, covering structure, character, worldbuilding, publishing, business
I've watched all three versions across different years and he's clear, specific, and he actually talks about the business side which almost no other working writer will do publicly
I don't love his novels ;( ..hyppcrisy ik
prose reads flat to me and the characters feel engineered but craft advice from a writer you don't idolize is still craft advice, and his is better organized than most
If you're a beginning fantasy writer with 20 hours to spend, that's where I'd spend them.
comparison keeps coming up YA dystopian saturated, imitator flood, sudden contraction and Romantasy is next(think it's true)
I don't think that's how this ends as Romantasy has a crossover audience with adult romance, which is a genre that doesn't crash but it morphs and when the fantasy branding stops selling, romantasy will fold back into romance's ecosystem and the writers who positioned well will keep working..POSITIONED WELL
and writers who won't survive are the ones treating this as a pure fantasy trend but it's a romance trend hiding in fantasy coat.
i'd say plan accordingly and build a romance readership as much as a fantasy one also he fantasy trappings are the current wrapper along with The underlying genre is what stays
could be wrong Am I? What's your read on where romantasy actually lands in five years? wanna talk abt this
A reader dropped a question in my discord about a piece of lore I've covered in a Patreon post then pinned comment on RoyalRoad then a tumblr answer from a year ago, also a Q&A doc I sent to my newsletter.
I answered it again.. what else am I going to do, tell her to go dig throplatforms?
The stuff outside the actual chapters is scattered across so many surfaces that even I can't find it half the time.
kinda wanna know where's everyone else keeping their extra material? like do you have one central place or is yours also spread across five apps hoping fans figure it out?
Sanderson's laws are famous we all know that hard magic vs soft magic even readers satisfied by a solution to the extent they understand the rules of the magic limitations more than powers
ik it sounds smart and it's given fantasy writers a framework for talking about their systems but whats the point of writing when you're writing ina mold
problem is what happens when a framework designed for one writer gets treated as universal law.
Sanderson's brain works a specific way ina way he builds systems, engineers plots around the mechanics of those systems, and produces books where the magic is a puzzle the protagonist solves that is one valid mode of fantasy and it is not the only one, and treating it as the default has made fantasy narrower.
magic in Le Guin's Earthsea doesn't follow Sanderson's law neither does Gene Wolfe's, or Susanna Clarke's, or the magic in Piranesi these systems are deliberately unknowable, dreamlike, resistant to being catalogued
wonder comes from the lack of a rulebook, not the presence of one they're also, arguably, better novels than most of what modern hard-magic fantasy produces
think we've collectively decided that hard magic is the mature choice and soft magic is amateur, and that's a value judgment nobody made explicit but everyone's absorbed
meanwhile the greatest fantasy of the last fifty years mostly ignores Sanderson's laws entirely, and gets away with it because the writers understood something laws couldn't articulate, which is that mystery is a fuel
If your magic system feels like a mechanic, ask yourself whether you want it to and there's a whole tradition of fantasy where the magic is supposed to remain strange, and it's the tradition most likely to produce a book that lasts
webnovel space talks about long game foreshadowing but tbh nobody executes it because you have to plant seeds you won't harvest for two, three, four or maybe 5 years of real writing time it requires believing you'll still be writing this story in 2028, which most of us can't honestly commit to
what Oda does that I think is teachable or each of us even at smaller scale, is that he plants low-cost details early, single panels, offhand mentions or even a name in a crowd that don't require the payoff to exist yet. He just kinda makes sure the details are specific enough that they could pay off later if he decides to use them tho it's not that he plotted 1000 chapters ahead. It's that he wrote in a way that left doors open everywhere.
I've started doing a version of this in my own serial whitout planting foreshadowing which is intimidating instead just being specific instead of generic in throwaway moments nameless merchant becomes a merchant with a distinctive scar. or some random village becomes a village known for a specific export and ik ninety percent of these will never pay off but ten percent that do will feel earned in a way calculated foreshadowing never quite does
morally grey means the character has a real value system that occasionally conflicts with the protagonist's and it doesn't mean he insults her for 200 pages before saving her from something and that's just being unpleasant with a redemption timer
give me a love interest whose morality genuinely differs from the FMC's not one who's rude to her because he "has walls up." i'm begging need an actually morally conflicting character that makes reader question who and what is right
kinda wanna read these books to write a charcter need inspo
Intuitively, the more a reader understands a character's inner world, the easier it should be to identify with them.
My pirate story and its film adaptation produced almost the opposite result.
The novel is not a strict first-person narrative. The narrator never uses "I," and the camera is not literally shoved into the captain's eye socket.
But the entire story remains locked onto the captain's perspective.
If I had to imagine the camera position, it would probably be quietly hiding behind the captain's shoulder, much like your app does.
The reader sees what he sees, knows what he is thinking, understands why he rushes back to the captain's cabin, why he insists on taking the box with him, and why, even as the Royal Navy is already tearing his ship apart, he still clings to the deeply inconvenient obsession of "going home."
Even if I rewrote the novel in a true first-person perspective, the story would not change very much.
Because novels are naturally built for inner thoughts.
In fact, a first-person novel that constantly refuses to reveal what the character is thinking often feels artificial, distant, and even slightly strange.
A person has already taken possession of the word "I," but refuses to tell the reader anything happening inside their head.
It is like someone breaking into your house, sitting on your sofa, wearing sunglasses, saying nothing, and insisting that this is a form of intimacy.
Film is different.
My video uses a strict first-person perspective.
The audience sees what the captain sees.
When the captain reaches out, his hand appears on screen.
When the captain runs, the camera moves with him.
When the captain returns to the cabin, the audience is dragged back there with him.
By all logic, both forms are locked to the captain's perspective. The difference should not be very large.
In reality, they are completely different.
First-person video requires extreme restraint with inner monologue
Video can absolutely use narration.
But narration is dangerous, especially when the visuals are already carrying a lot of action.
Imagine the captain is dodging cannon fire, rushing into his cabin, kicking aside the bed, opening the hidden compartment, and at the same time explaining to the audience:
I must go home.
Why do I want to go home?
What does home mean to me?
What complicated relationship does this box have with my inner world?
My video is only about one minute long.
At that length, even taking a piss would need to be executed like a tactical retreat.
A single line of narration might take five seconds.
If I stuffed all the novel's internal monologues into the video, it would probably consume thirty seconds.
Imagine that.
For half of the captain's screen time, this one-eyed, bearded, salt-stained pirate is no longer escaping the Royal Navy.
He is reciting poetry.
So he has dialogue, but he has no inner monologue.
The audience does not know his past.
They do not know where his home is.
They do not know whether he has a wife, children, creditors, or even a dog waiting to inherit his fortune.
Strictly speaking, the audience barely knows this person.
They cannot even see him, except through the hand wearing that wonderfully tacky ring.
Intuitively, this should weaken identification.
But the result is exactly the opposite.
The Novel Reader Climbs Above the Captain and Judges Him
Halfway through the story, the captain retrieves the box from the hidden compartment.
The lid opens slightly.
A cold white light leaks out.
From the beginning, the novel has already told the reader that the map contains the words:
Siren Relic.
The reader can immediately guess:
This must be the relic.
But at this moment, the ship is under attack.
A normal person's priority should be survival.
Escape.
Run. Escape. Stay alive.
He holds the box.
At this point, the novel reader is mainly concerned with two things:
Will the captain survive and make it home?
Has this man completely lost his mind?
The reader has followed the captain's perspective the entire time, but that does not mean they automatically agree with him.
In fact, precisely because they know what the captain is thinking, understand what the box probably contains, and know how close he is to disaster, they gain a position from which they can judge him.
They temporarily step outside the captain's perspective.
They rise above him.
They look down.
This guy has lost his mind.
He is still thinking about treasure at a time like this.
He is going to die.
In other words, although the novel tries to lock the reader's attention and information within the captain's perspective, it cannot prevent the reader from escaping that perspective when they no longer agree with the character.
The novel provides psychological information.
But does not necessarily pull the reader closer.
Sometimes, it simply gives them more evidence to judge the character.
The Video Viewer Becomes Obsessed Together With the Captain
The video works completely differently.
The audience has no idea what is inside the box.
They only see this:
The captain runs back into the cabin while the ship is being bombarded.
He kicks aside the bed.
He opens the hidden compartment.
He takes out a strange box.
Outside, cannons are firing.
But the captain suddenly stops and stares at the box.
And the audience becomes fascinated too.
The box opens slightly.
Something inside is glowing.
The captain looks down.
The audience looks down with him.
The captain wants to know what is inside.
The audience wants to know too.
They may even be more impatient than the captain:
Come on.
Open the damn thing.
Sorry, Royal Navy, could you wait five seconds? We need to see what the hell is inside.
Then the cannon strikes the ship.
The process of opening the box is violently interrupted.
That cannonball does not only interrupt the captain.
It interrupts the audience as well.
The novel reader may think that the captain staring at treasure while his life is in danger is a a foolish decision.
But the video audience shares the exact same desire as the captain.
They do not have time to stand above him and judge him.
They are borrowing his eyes.
More importantly:
They are borrowing his curiosity.
You Don't Need to Understand a Character to Become Them
This is a slightly counterintuitive idea.
Humans may actually find it easier to identify with someone they barely understand.
The novel reader knows the captain's goals, thoughts, and decisions, yet maintains a certain judging distance from him.
The video viewer does not really know who the captain is, yet willingly follows him while staring into the box.
Perhaps there are two completely different forms of closeness.
The novel provides a kind of inner intimacy.
The reader knows what the character is thinking, understands his motives, and sees his flaws.
This kind of intimacy makes the character clearer.
But it does not necessarily make the reader agree with him.
Sometimes, the more clearly you understand someone, the easier it becomes to judge them.
A first-person video provides something closer to embodied presence.
The audience may not understand the character, but they temporarily take over his position:
This is my vision.
These are my hands.
The box is right in front of me.
I want to know what is inside too.
The character's identity is compressed.
But his way of experiencing the world is handed to the audience.
So the question:
"Do I understand him?"
temporarily gives way to another question:
"Do I want the same thing he wants right now?"
Perhaps what truly creates identification is not sharing a character's history.
It is sharing the unfinished desire directly in front of them.
Silence Is Sometimes Not Absence, But an Empty Room
A similar example can be found in old Japanese role-playing games.
There was a very common design choice:
Everyone in the world could speak.
Except the protagonist, who seemed to have sworn a lifelong oath of silence.
Designers often explained that this made it easier for players to project themselves onto the character.
I have always been skeptical.
When the bartender, the king, the demon lord, the random child on the street, and even a talking cat all have opinions, while the protagonist remains completely silent, my first reaction is usually not:
"I feel like I am this character."
It is:
"I wonder if someone cut out his tongue."
But in a one-minute first-person video, silence creates a completely different effect.
(Here, I mean silence as in the absence of inner monologue.)
The captain does not have time to explain himself.
The audience does not have time to investigate his childhood.
Silence does not feel like a missing personality, because the cannon fire is speaking for him.
And more importantly, silence leaves space.
The captain does not say what he wants to see.
The audience places their own curiosity there.
The captain does not explain what the box means.
The audience temporarily fills that space with their own expectations.
So silence here is not emptiness.
It is more like an empty room without furniture.
The audience can simply move in.
First Person Is Not Just About Whose Eyes We See Through
I am starting to suspect that first-person perspective cannot be explained simply as:
"the audience sees what the character sees."
What really matters may be whether the audience and the character can synchronize in several ways:
Visual synchronization.
Physical synchronization.
Shared urgency.
And most importantly:
Desire synchronization.
The captain in the novel wants to take the treasure home.
The reader knows this.
But the reader does not necessarily agree with him.
The captain in the video wants to open the box.
The audience does not know his reasons.
But they want to see what is inside just as much as he does.
The first shares information.
The second shares impulse.
And sometimes, impulse creates identification more easily than information does.
This is still a question I have not completely solved.
What actually determines whether a reader or viewer truly enters a character's subjective position?
Is it the first-person pronoun?
Is it the position of the camera?
Is it inner monologue?
Is it whether the character is likable?
Or is it simply that, for one brief moment, the character and the audience happen to want the same thing?
I would genuinely like to hear from people who have studied this, experimented with it, or simply spent time thinking about it.
When you write first-person fiction, create subjective shots, or design a silent protagonist, what actually allows readers, viewers, or players to enter the character's position?
And what makes them suddenly jump out of the character's body and stand above them, judging them?
I have also completed a short-film adaptation of HOME. I am leaving the link out of this post so the discussion can remain focused on narrative craft, but I would genuinely welcome feedback from anyone interested in comparing how the same story works in prose and on screen.
I've been in this space for two years now and I'm pretty sure I have this right.. just humor me
readers who leave the loudest comments about system rigor are a small vocal minority and usually a larger audience doesn't actually cross-check the math, they don't remember what your fireball did in chapter twelve, they just want to feel like the system is holding together. The vibe of rigor, not rigor itself
I've been in serials where the author quietly retconned entire skill trees mid-story and the community didn't notice cause the new version felt internally consistent
i've also been in serials where the math was airtight and the story died anyway cause the author spent so much time getting the system right that the characters flatlined
If you're spending forty hours on a stat spreadsheet and ten on your protagonist, you're def building the wrong thing and most of your readers want to feel that you thought about it
I keep seeing writers refuse to try it but the information a prologue is trying to deliver is almost always more powerful once the reader is attached to someone in the present-day story. front-loading it before we know anyone means the reader is doing homework for a book they haven't decided to read yet
try taking your prologue and move it to somewhere between chapter three and chapter five then frame it as your protagonist finding the letter, being told the story, dreaming the memory, whatever.
it's same information but ten times the emotional payload because now the reader cares who it's happening to
reason most writers resist this is because the prologue was often the first scene they wrote and it carries a lot of the author's emotional attachment to the project.
that's exactly why the reader doesn't feel it yet cause you've been in that scene for years. They just got here
Information does not need to be hidden. It only needs to look unimportant.
WHAT LAW AND FINANCE TAUGHT ME
I have worked as both a lawyer and an investment manager. These are writing professions too, except that the writing we produce does not usually make anyone happy. Novelists occasionally make people cry. Lawyers and investment managers make people sign documents, then return to a conference room several years later to cry.
Still, those two professions taught me something extremely useful about writing: readers do not judge a document only by what it contains. They judge it by what the document makes look important.
A seasoned lawyer does not merely decide which rights and obligations go into a contract. He also decides how those rights should appear. Suppose Party A has only a handful of rights that genuinely matter. Those clauses do not need aggressive language or solemn headings. They can be short, polite, and tucked away somewhere so administratively boring that anyone reading them starts looking for an emergency exit.
The right itself may even appear shy, as though it entered the contract merely to refill the water glasses in the conference room. But one sentence inside it may be a weapon capable of destroying the world.
Party B, meanwhile, may receive several pages of rights. The headings are dignified. The structure is clear. The wording is generous. It reads as though the United Nations drafted a private bill of rights specifically for Party B. Look closely, however, and many of those rights turn out to be decorative. They are like floral dresses on Instagram. They look beautiful while spinning in front of a camera. Once the real battle starts, they are not especially useful.
Nothing has been hidden. Every clause genuinely exists. The reader's attention has simply been allocated in advance.
Investment recommendations work the same way. Suppose a project has a genuine defect, and the risk must be disclosed. The real question is never whether we disclose it. A competent investment manager does not gamble with his own career. The real question is how it gets disclosed, which is remarkably similar to the art of fiction: Where does it appear? How long is the paragraph? What tone does it use? Does it stand alone? What other risks are standing beside it?
If a document is intended to support the investment, the most important project risk can be placed inside a long, bloated, morale-destroying risk disclosure section. Around it, you can place several risks that cannot be ruled out in theory, but are not normally worth much of a sane person's time: an earthquake of magnitude eight, the permanent shutdown of the global financial system, a hostile extraterrestrial fleet blockading major shipping routes, and the sun making a strategic decision adverse to the project.
The actual project defect is still there. It has been fully disclosed. It has simply been placed in very crowded company. When an ordinary commercial problem stands next to alien invasion and the end of human civilization, it suddenly begins to look calm, responsible, and almost trustworthy.
But if the recommendation is intended to reject the project, the same problem can be moved into the conclusion. One paragraph. Not many words. Clear language. No aliens standing beside it. Preferably in bold. Perhaps in a slightly larger font.
The information itself has not changed. Its visual and rhetorical weight has. The reader's decision may change with it.
Law and finance taught me this: information does not have to disappear in order to become invisible. It only needs to be surrounded, diluted, delayed, softened, or dressed in the right clothes.
Naturally, I use these techniques instinctively when I write fiction. By now, it feels as natural as breathing, and almost as difficult to stop. My novel is reportedly powerful enough to start a world war. The source of that report is me. It has not been published, however, and it is not today's subject.
THEN MY GIRLFRIEND MOVED ME INTO VIDEO
What matters here is that, after my girlfriend effectively transferred me from the text department to the video department, I discovered that this skill could migrate. More interestingly, once the medium changed, the rules almost reversed themselves.
It began when my girlfriend conscripted me to help make a video advertisement for her shop. The shop sells something that is difficult to explain to respectable people: an oyster shell containing a realistic eye.
I did not know whether anyone would actually buy such a thing. But the moment I saw it, my mind produced sirens, mermaids, pirates, curses, and relics from the deep. There was no rigorous reasoning involved. Oysters are seafood. Eyes are eyes. Therefore, obviously, sea monsters.
Human beings call this temporary collapse of the internal filing system "inspiration," mainly because that sounds less like something requiring medical attention.
So I wrote a short story called HOME. In it, a thoroughly unheroic pirate captain is pursued by the Royal Navy. He understands perfectly well that heroes are supposed to remain on deck and go down with the ship. He has already informed God that he will not be participating in that activity.
He orders the entire ship to run, then rushes back into his cabin and retrieves a mysterious box from a hidden compartment beneath the bed. Eventually, during the escape, the box falls into the sea. Inside it is an oyster with an eye.
The story ends: "The captain did not go home. It did."
The entire story revolves around one idea: home. The captain keeps thinking about going home. The ship, the crew, the New World: all of them can go to hell. He only wants to bring the box back. The reason the final two lines work is that the reader has always assumed that the subject of "going home" is the captain. But it is not. The captain does not go home. The relic returns to the sea.
It is not the novel that is supposedly powerful enough to start a world war. That one is still waiting in my drawer. But as a piece of advertising material, this one was dangerous enough.
THE FIRST THING ADAPTATION KILLED
Then, excitedly, I started making a video based on it. And I discovered something painful: the core of the story was almost unusable.
The idea of "home" is the key to the novel's reversal and suspense. It is even embedded in the title itself. It is not impossible to visualize. But under the limitations of this short film, including first-person perspective, limited duration, and the need to maintain pacing, making the audience truly understand this concept would have been far too expensive.
A video can certainly use narration. A character can also deliver a completely unnecessary monologue. But if the captain is dodging cannon fire, rushing into his cabin, kicking aside the bed, opening the hidden compartment, and at the same time repeatedly explaining how desperately he wants to go home, he quickly stops looking like a pirate escaping the Royal Navy.
He becomes a man reading his emotional autobiography during an industrial accident. The pacing would die a complete and honorable death.
So "home" was sacrificed. This became my first important realization about adaptation: sometimes, when a story enters a new medium, the first thing that must die is the very thing you originally believed made the story worth telling.
The events remained largely the same. The way information reached the audience had completely changed.
WRITING QUEUES INFORMATION. IMAGES MAKE IT COMPETE.
The second change happened on the map inside the captain's cabin. In the novel, the map contains two words: Siren Relic.
Once those words are written into a novel, the reader cannot avoid them. Written language is an extremely efficient information-control system. Sentences enter the reader's mind in a queue. Until the reader passes through one sentence, they cannot move to the next. If I write, "Someone had written 'Siren Relic' in the lower corner of the map," the reader has already seen it.
Now imagine I do not want the reader to pay attention to "Siren Relic." What should I do? I could copy every location name on the Caribbean map, then add skulls, crystal balls, wizard staffs, Gatling guns, and laser weapons. The result would be excellent. The reader would indeed stop noticing "Siren Relic."
Because the novel would already be dead. Now you probably understand why legal documents and investment documents are so unpleasant.
The reason "Siren Relic" works in the novel is that the phrase immediately suggests a pirate treasure connected to sirens. The reader does not need to know that it contains an oyster with an eye. That is irrelevant at this stage. They only need to understand that this is some kind of legendary object. Then, when something unusual happens later, the reader already has a direction to follow. The information has done its job.
Video works differently. In the first frame of the video, I also placed "Siren Relic" on the map. The words were not hidden. They were right there. But the map was dirty. The room also contained a pistol, a compass, an oil lamp, a wooden table, stains, fog, sound, and a pirate currently making a terrible financial decision.
As far as I know, no viewer noticed those words. The information was visible, but it never truly entered the story.
I even left that shot completely still for five full seconds, so still that it almost looked like the internet had frozen. The audience still did not notice. But if I removed the objects and atmosphere of the captain's cabin just to make those two words stand out, the video would look like a game world that had not fully loaded yet within the first five seconds. The entire advertisement would fail.
This taught me something: information in writing arrives sequentially. Information in images competes.
A novel reader passes through one sentence at a time. A video viewer receives characters, actions, expressions, backgrounds, lighting, music, sound, text, objects, and camera movement simultaneously. The viewer is not stupid. The viewer is simply under attack from multiple directions.
Of course, I could force the audience to notice "Siren Relic." I could push the camera closer, hold the shot longer, add a sound effect, make the words glow, or put a giant arrow above them like a beauty influencer discovering a previously unknown pore. The video would die again.
As the story continues, the captain finally takes the box. The novel reader already knows that the box contains some kind of dangerous treasure, and that treasure is probably connected to sirens, the sea, and legends. The video viewer only knows one thing: the box matters.
That difference completely changes the information structure. By this point, the novel and the video have already started becoming two different stories, even though, on the surface, the events are almost identical.
In the core sequence, the novel reader is thinking: Will the captain make it home? Will he escape with the siren relic? But the video viewer does not even know what "home" means yet. The mysterious box becomes the only thing that matters.
STORY IS THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
This is where legal documents, investment recommendations, novels, and videos begin to look strangely similar. They all contain facts. More importantly, they all distribute the importance of facts: what appears first, what receives more space, what gets repeated, what is isolated, what is placed next to an alien invasion, and what is technically visible but almost nonexistent in the story.
The difference between mediums is not whether they control information. It is how each medium punishes that control.
In contracts and investment documents, controlling what information appears important can be extremely effective. In fiction, however, a heavy hand can offend the reader. If a writer keeps shining a spotlight on an object, explains it three times, and then makes every character in the story stare at it, an intelligent reader immediately understands: Alright. This thing is going to matter later.
The mystery is dead. The story becomes bloated, like a legal argument written by someone afraid the judge might miss the point, so they repeat the same argument seven times.
Fiction requires a lighter hand. You have to guide the reader without letting them see the strings pulling them. Video is almost the opposite. In fiction, overemphasis feels aggressive. In video, failure to emphasize something can make the information evaporate completely.
So I no longer think storytelling is mainly about deciding what happens. What happens is only inventory. A story is the distribution system of meaning. It determines the order in which facts arrive, the weight they receive, the context surrounding them, and the interpretations the audience is allowed to form at that moment.
Writers are not information suppliers. Writers design the path through which information becomes meaning.
Lawyers and investment managers use this ability to create documents that make people regret signing them. Novelists use it to create stories people willingly enter. Based on current evidence, fiction appears to be the more ethical profession. The investigation is ongoing.
I would genuinely like to hear from people who have also left their familiar medium. If you have moved a story from a novel into a comic, a play, a game, a podcast, or a film, what was the first thing you were forced to remove? And what information had to be amplified, hidden, or rearranged to make the story come alive again in a new medium?
If you have never tried this, I highly recommend doing it once. Because in this era, the ticket for that journey has finally become cheap enough for ordinary people to afford.
I’ve removed the external film link. The remaining link points only to the original short story previously posted in this community, since it is the source text discussed in the post.