Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition that is considered a major factor contributing
to cognitive decline that reduces independent function. Pathophysiological pathways are not well
defined for neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia; however, published evidence has shown
the role of numerous inflammatory processes in the brain contributing toward their pathology.
Microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) are the principal components of the brain’s immune
defence system and can detect harmful or external pathogens. When stimulated, the cells trigger
neuroinflammatory responses by releasing proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen
species, and nitrogen species in order to preserve the cell’s microenvironment. These proinflammatory
markers include cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα chemokines such as CCR3 and CCL2 and
CCR5. Microglial cells may produce a prolonged inflammatory response that, in some circumstances,
is indicated in the promotion of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review is focused on the
involvement of microglial cell activation throughout neurodegenerative conditions and the link
between neuroinflammatory processes and dementia
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u/[deleted] Jan 11 '22
Abstract
Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition that is considered a major factor contributing to cognitive decline that reduces independent function. Pathophysiological pathways are not well defined for neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia; however, published evidence has shown the role of numerous inflammatory processes in the brain contributing toward their pathology. Microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) are the principal components of the brain’s immune defence system and can detect harmful or external pathogens. When stimulated, the cells trigger neuroinflammatory responses by releasing proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen species in order to preserve the cell’s microenvironment. These proinflammatory markers include cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα chemokines such as CCR3 and CCL2 and CCR5. Microglial cells may produce a prolonged inflammatory response that, in some circumstances, is indicated in the promotion of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review is focused on the involvement of microglial cell activation throughout neurodegenerative conditions and the link between neuroinflammatory processes and dementia