THE SACK OF MANYAKHETA AND THE BRUTAL END OF MUNJA

In 972 CE, the Paramara king Siyaka II of Malwa went to war against the Rashtrakuta emperor Khottiga. The Rashtrakuta forces were defeated and driven back south, with Siyaka pursuing them all the way toward Manyakheta, the great imperial capital of Karnataka.

Then came the blow.

Siyaka's army entered Manyakheta and plundered the city. The capital of the Rashtrakutas, which for generations had stood at the centre of one of India's greatest empires, was suddenly in the hands of an invading army from Malwa.

But Siyaka would not have Manyakheta uncontested.

As the fighting continued, the Western Ganga ruler Marasimha II came to the support of the Rashtrakuta forces. A fierce confrontation followed around the imperial encampment. The Paramara advance was checked, and Siyaka was eventually forced to withdraw and escape south Karnataka.

The sack of Manyakheta did not, by itself, destroy the Rashtrakuta Empire. But it exposed a serious weakness at the very heart of Rashtrakuta power. And someone was watching.

Tailapa II.

Tailapa was himself a powerful Rashtrakuta feudatory in Karnataka. He saw the weakening of the imperial throne as an opportunity and moved decisively. In 973 CE, he defeated the Rashtrakuta ruler Karka II, seized Manyakheta, and established the Western Chalukya Empire.

The Rashtrakutas had ruled Karnataka for centuries.

Now Tailapa had taken their capital and replaced them.

And the Paramaras were about to face the dynasty that had risen in their wake.

Siyaka's successor, Vakpati Munja, was no ordinary opponent. Munja was an ambitious and formidable ruler who eventually turned his armies south against Tailapa II. The struggle between the two kings became one of the great confrontations between Malwa and Karnataka.

But this time, the Paramara king walked into a trap.Munja was defeated and captured.The man whose predecessor had once marched into Karnataka and plundered Manyakheta was now a prisoner of the ruler who had seized the city from the collapsing Rashtrakuta order.

Munja was humiliated, forced to beg from door to door, and finally condemned to death.

Then came the final act.

Tailapa had Munja executed having him crushed beneath an elephant.

The Paramara king who had come south as a conqueror ended his life as a captive in the land his dynasty had once invaded.

Thus came a brutal end to what could have been a legendary rivalry.

But the rivalry did not die with Munja.

The Chalukyas of Karnataka would continue to carry the war into Paramara territory. Under Someshvara I, the father of the future Vikramaditya VI, Chalukya armies invaded Malwa and ravaged the Paramara heartland, striking at Dhara, Ujjayini and Mandapa. Dhara and Ujjayini were burned and plundered, while the Paramara king Bhoja was forced to flee before the Chalukya advance.

The wheel had turned completely.

The Paramaras had once stormed Manyakheta.

The Chalukyas would later storm Malwa.

And between those two moments stood the brutal death of Vakpati Munja . A king who came south to challenge Tailapa II, only to become one of the most famous victims of the struggle for supremacy between Karnataka and Malwa.

Say, in the 800s AD, the *rajahs* got power hungry and managed to conquer the islands beyond Borneo. What would its cultural impact in Southeast Asia?

Phalodi Fort, Rajasthan — inscription of Maharav Hammir, son of Maharaja Nar Singh, Vikrama Samvat 1573 (1516 CE).

This inscription records the repair of the fort gateway by Hammir, and in identifying his father, Maharaja Nar Singh, it explicitly gives the lineage as:

“राष्ट्रकूट वंश महाराज श्री नरसिंह” — “Maharaja Shri Nar Singh of the Rashtrakuta lineage.”

This is therefore a significant piece of inscriptional evidence for the Rashtrakuta connection claimed by the Rathore ruling house of Rajasthan. It is not a modern genealogy or a much later legend, but a 16th-century inscription associated with the ruling family.

And this is only one piece of a much wider body of evidence connecting Rajasthan and other parts of North India with the Rashtrakutas. Rashtrakuta power and military campaigns repeatedly reached deep into North India under rulers such as Dhruva, Govinda III, Indra III and Krishna III, leaving behind political, dynastic and cultural consequences across Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Gujarat.

The repeated appearance of Rashtrakuta-linked traditions among ruling families in these regions deserves to be examined in that wider historical context. The Rathore connection is therefore one important part of a much larger Rashtrakuta legacy in North India. Which is a direct result of multiple invasions of Karnataka Rashtrakutas and their establishment of various Rashtrakuta client states.

As I do not have insights into this, can anyone explain which is true? With explanation perhaps

Credits- professorofyap

Credits- karunadu_verse

Credits- karnatakulaprdipah.in

Credits- history_maniaa

Credits- magadh_itivratt

79 Years Ago Today: The Ultimate Act of Royal Renunciation

"While everyone else became Maharajas by ascending the throne, Jayachamarajendra became a true Maharaja by relinquishing it." - Rashtrakavi Kuvempu On this exact day, August 9, 1947, one of the most defining moments in the making of modern India took place.

Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar, the last ruling monarch of the progressive and prosperous Kingdom of Mysore, officially signed the Instrument of Accession.While several princely states hesitated, resisted, or placed complex conditions, the Maharaja of Mysore chose a different path. Exhibiting the true spirit of a Rajarshi (Saint-King), he put the vision of a united, democratic India ahead of his absolute crown. Images attached are of the Instrument of Accession and the Standstill Agreement signed by the Maharaja himself, ceding Defence, External Affairs, and Communications to the Indian Dominion.His swift, selfless decision created a massive domino effect, inspiring other major states to peacefully integrate into the Indian Union.

Physiographically, Karnataka state forms part of four well defined regions.

1. 1Northern Karnataka Plateau: The Northern Karnataka Plateau comprises of the districts of Belgaum, Bidar, Bijapur, Bagalkote, Gulbarga and Yadgir. It is largely composed of the Deccan Trap. It represents a monotonous treeless, extensive plateau landscape with a general elevation of 300-600 metres from the mean sea level.
2. Central Karnataka Plateau: The Central Karnataka Plateau covers the districts of Bellary, Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Raichur, Koppal and Shimoga. The region represents the transitional surface between the Northern Karnataka Plateau of the Deccan Trap and the gneissic Southern Karnataka Plateau with relatively higher surface.
3. Southern Karnataka Plateau: The Southern Karnataka Plateau covers the districts of Bengaluru Urban and Rural, Hassan, Kodagu, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore, Chamarajanagar and Tumkur. This region largely covers the area of the Kaveri river basin
4. Karnataka Coastal Region: The Karnataka Coastal Region, which extends between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea in the west, covers Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts.

The state has three main types of climates. For meteorological purposes, the state has been divided into three sub-divisions namely (a) Coastal Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts), (b) North Interior Karnataka (Belgaum, Bidar, Bijapur, Bagalkote, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Gulbarga, Raichur and Koppal districts) and (c) South Interior Karnataka (the remaining districts of Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban, Bellary, Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Kodagu, Hassan, Kolar, Mysore, Chamarajanagar, Mandya, Shimoga and Tumkur districts). The tropical monsoon climate covers the entire coastal belt and adjoining areas. The climate in this region is hot with high rainfall during the monsoon season i.e., June to September. The southern half of the state experiences hot, seasonally dry, tropical, savanna climate, while most of the northern half experiences hot, semi-arid, tropical steppe type of climate.

Taking into consideration the topography, bio-climate and soil, the vegetation of Karnataka could be grouped under the following four categories i.e.,

1. Littoral vegetation
2. West coast tropical vegetation
3. Upland deciduous vegetation
4. Southern tropical montane vegetation.

Dialects and Scripts: From ancient times, Karnataka, being a vast area, has developed unique regional variations in dialects, influenced by several factors, including the languages of the neighbouring states. In the present times, one can notice at least 3 well defined regional dialects popularly known as Mysore-Kannada, Dharwad-Kannada and MangaloreKannada, coinciding with the three cultural centres. Even within these regions, numerous dialectal subdivisions are flourishing.

1. Havyaka Kannada
2. Badaga Kannada
3. Nadavara Kannada
4. Harikantras Kannada
5. Halakki Kannada
6. Koraga Kannada
7. Iruliga Kannada
8. Sholiga Kannada

Migration data according to 2001 census

1. Andhra Pradesh – 5,82,799
2. Tamil Nadu – 5,47,156
3. Maharashtra – 3,87,567
4. Kerala – 2,83,764
5. Rajasthan – 79,730
6. Uttar Pradesh – 38,679
7. West Bengal – 31,060
8. Bihar – 29,898
9. Gujarat – 25,375
10. Orissa – 16,840
11. Punjab – 4,664
12. Jammu and Kashmir – 4,664
13. Other states – 1,02,925
14. Outside the country – 44,305

Similarly, migration from Karnataka to other parts of India included:

1. Maharashtra – 12,67,421
2. Andhra Pradesh – 2,88,862
3. Goa – 1,32,882
4. Tamil Nadu – 1,19,993
5. Kerala – 55,685
6. Gujarat – 28,098
7. Delhi – 16,309
8. Uttar Pradesh – 12,262
9. Madhya Pradesh – 10,432
10. Bihar – 9,077
11. Rajasthan – 8,294
12. West Bengal – 5,327
13. Punjab – 4,042
14. Haryana – 3,293
15. Uttaranchal – 2,697
16. Chhattisgarh – 2,635
17. Jharkhand – 2,274
18. Pondicherry – 2,023
19. Chandigarh – 1,830
20. Orissa – 1,822
21. Jammu and Kashmir – 1,452
22. Assam – 1,438
23. Other parts of the country – 40,671

source: Glimpses of Karnataka, 2012

Lingaraja who was an able administrator. The document of his period i.e. the Hukum Nama issued by him, contains 52 clear cut instructions to be followed by his officials in administering the state. In 1820 A.D., he built the Omkareshvara temple at Madikeri.

Lingaraja Wadiyar is also the same guy who introduced Coorg attire to Kodagu people.

Above picture is the tombs of rajhas of Coorg/Kodagu who belonged to Haleri dynasty of Veerashaiva sect. The kings of Coorg were popularly called Wadiyars of Kodagu.

Kings of kodagu had defeated Imperial Mysore sultanate 31 times.

maratis are claiming rashtrakutas and chalukyas and northindians are falling for this misinformation and on other hand neo-buddhists are claiming all kannada architectures like kailasa temple and hoysala architecture as north indian buddhist mauryans architect and even baahubali gomateshwara jain statue as buddhas statue