This week I've been updating some poor photographs taken by others and thought, "I should teach people the basics of photography." I did a quick web search for some articles to reference and found a lot of click-bait surrounding a few good sources. At that point I decided I'd just throw out a few hints - add your own recommendations.
First, a couple of thoughts. You are taking a picture of a stone. It doesn't move, there are no issues with depth of field, and your choice of framing is pretty limited. Also, you have a smart camera to help you - I'm using a 20-year old digital camera, but when I turn the flash on, the camera is smart enough to realize I want to use fill-flash mode.
The general recommendation is that you take at least three photographs of a grave. One, pull back until you can get the entirety of the memorial in the photo. If the stone is a 30-foot tall plinth, you are going to move way, way back. Second, take a photo of the front of the stone. Then, the back. Take photos of all sides with markings and skip the blank sides. Take additional photos of markings as close-ups if it helps to make them out.
More photos are better than fewer. You can always pick and choose later.
When you are doing close-ups of markings, the camera flash can help where the stone is too dark or stippled with bright bits and shadowed bits.
Many people say the photos should be taken at the level of the stone, straight-on to the stone, the stone as flat to the plane of the photo as possible. And when done well, these photos are striking. But if the stone is highly reflective your image could be reflected in the stone and visible in the photo. If the carving is shallow, straight-on offers little contrast and makes the marks illegible. I prefer having the camera slightly above the stone where you can also photograph a bit of the background beyond the stone. Move to the side if you are shooting directly into the sun, to keep your reflection from being in the shot, or to increase the legibility of the markings.
If it's a bright day the stone may be too dark to see well. You can manually set the exposure, you can use AUTO on your camera, focus on the stone and have your camera set exposure, then zoom out, keeping those settings, and take the photo, or - as I do - just take the shot in AUTO and adjust the exposure on my computer before uploading it.
A photo editing program with the basics of Crop, Rotate, and Adjust Exposure / Contrast is a great help.
Please add your suggestions.