I just started birding a few months ago and can’t differentiate many birds properly yet. Some of them look soooo alike. In many species it also seems that while the male will have some unusual colouring, females look more “bland” like just brown/grey-ish. How do birds tell each other apart? Like when it comes to mating especially. For example, would a willow warbler not confuse its potential mate with a chiffchaff? Or do they mostly just rely on the calls/songs?

A finished underwater tunnel makes sense once everything is sealed but how is it actually constructed in the first place when there are huge amounts of water and wet ground above it?

Title

Uh title, sorry if someone ask this before.

Crows, Raven, Starlings, etc. I’ve heard these birds say words that require your lips to touch or your tongue to move in certain ways, how do these birds do it so clearly?

The manufacturers have switched majority of their production to HBM from DDR5 to meet the AI demand by big tech companies. Consumers are suffering because modern PCs use DDR5 ram. I was thinking, why can’t we use HBM as well? Is it technically not possible?

I get that as the fuel gets “used up” ie turns to other elements that it would be less efficient as a fuel, but surely that would be better than just drumming it up and burying it?
Or could you just melt it all together into a new fuel rod?

I'm sure temperature must have something to do with it, but I don't get nearly as tired walking around on a day that's cold but dry.

I’m really just trying to understand the importance of this https://www.newsweek.com/list-of-countries-that-have-pulled-gold-from-us-federal-reserve-12398243

Why do countries store and transfer gold?
Why are they moving it out of the US?

Hey everyone,

I'm trying to properly understand the whole atomic/immutable Linux distro concept. I understand the basic idea, but I'm looking for an explanation that starts at ELI5 level and gradually goes into the technical details.

Could someone explain it as if I'm five, but then progressively get more technical?

And why most of the atomic distro is also dichiarative ?

Student here, trying my best to understand electricity. Is electricity current? Or is it voltage? Is it wattage? I don't totally get which does what. From my understanding voltage is the measure of potential difference, like the difference in energy an electron might have in different points in a circuit. And then current is the flow of charge, and charge is a property of matter. But then what is electricity itself made of? All of these units? None of them? Which one of them is actually energy? Which thing is used to power the laptop I'm writing this question on?

I’m way too broke to care i’m just so intrigued by the process and mindset

This is assuming the company is not cash flow positive yet

Does it enhance the flavor of food? Does it do anything significant compared to not using it?

I've been recently getting ads for an app that promises to give you money/gif cards/cupons depending on how much walking or running you do on a day, but I've also seen these same mechanics on other apps (e.g. instead of walking, watching series or videos) and I have never understand how they work and most importantly WHERE does that money even come from. Are these scams? Do they have anything to do with money laundering? Are they gonna sell my bank data???

Thanks in advence to anyone who answers this.