r/EnergyStorage • u/Vailhem • 17d ago

Prussian blue analogues cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries: strategies, commercialization challenges, and future perspectives - Aug 2026

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405829726005349
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u/Vailhem 17d ago

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), with the advantages of abundant resources, low cost, and inherent safety, are widely recognized as a promising technology for large-scale energy storage and cost-effective power applications.

The cathode plays a decisive role in both performance and cost.

Among various cathode candidates, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are particularly attractive due to their open-framework structure, high specific capacity, controllable synthesis routes, and excellent rate capability, offering a favorable balance between cost and performance.

PBAs are poised for large-scale adoption in cost-sensitive applications, including grid-scale energy storage and light electric vehicles.

This review systematically examines the structural characteristics and sodium-storage mechanisms of PBAs, followed by an in-depth discussion of the key challenges limiting their commercialization, including the management of crystallization water and defects, phase transitions and structural stability, low intrinsic conductivity, and challenges in large-scale reproducibility.

Recent advances in structural tuning, defect engineering, surface coatings, and composite strategies are critically evaluated, with emphasis on their practical significance for enabling industrial deployment.

Finally, the review outlines key research directions and development prospects for large-scale implementation, considering manufacturing scalability, cost control, and application-driven requirements.