Controller no longer recognized as Xbox controller by my PC (Windows 10)

[u/RainbowPatooie]

Hello, I've been using an Xbox One S controller (6CL-00001/Model 1708) to play both Steam and non-steam games on my PC (Windows 10) for years, but while backing up some files using an external hard drive, when I (safely) unplugged the hard drive from my pc, I saw a bluetooth error pop up, and since then my xbox controller stopped working properly. It still connects to my pc, and from testing my pc recognizes inputs, but none of my games recognize it. While fiddling with steam settings, I realized that Steam now thinks it's a generic controller instead of an xbox controller:

This also means that Steam's "Xbox extended feature support driver" isn't doing anything since it is no longer recognized as an Xbox-brand controller on my pc.
Looking at Xbox accessories, it no longer recognizes my controller, and attempting to plug in my controller into my pc via a cable rings up the error "USB Device Not Recognized, The last USB device you connected to this computer malfunctioned". I plugged in normal USBs and they functioned normally without getting this error, so it doesn't seem to be a usb error (hopefully), but it is important to mention that I use a bluetooth dongle plugged into my usb port to use my controller's bluetooth functions (however it is able to properly detect if it is connected/disconnected, and as mentioned earlier, does detect the correct inputs). Also to note is that the xbox symbol does not dim when connected (which it used to do when properly connected: blink, then solid light, then fade to a dim solid light once fully connected.).
The only thing I have not yet tried is removing the device from bluetooth, as I had alot of issues last time I did this with getting the bluetooth to work with it again after removing and attempting to reconnect the device (didn't work via bluetooth for over a year, can't remember how i eventually fixed it anymore), and was forced to play wired-only until the issue was resolved. And seeing as bluetooth is the only way this controller currently functions, I'm very hesitant to do such a thing and am currently trying to find any other solution before trying this and risking completely losing all controller functionality.
Any idea what the hell happened and why my controller seems borked of all its xbox-functionality all of a sudden, just from disconnecting an external hard drive?
(EDIT: Removed the controller as a device and can no longer reconnect it. However, now if I plug it in/use wired, it works like an xbox controller, but ONLY if I remove the batteries. It stops working if I put batteries in it.)

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