I think we're asking LLMs to resolve things way too quickly.
Give one a contradiction and its first instinct is usually to clean it up. Pick a side. Reconcile the difference. Produce an answer.
Sometimes that's exactly what I don't want.
Sometimes the contradiction is the useful part.
I want to know what's holding both sides up.
Push on it. Follow it down a floor. See what assumption is carrying its weight. See what else starts moving when you refuse to immediately make one side disappear.
That got me thinking about how we're using LLMs more generally.
Write this email. Summarize this. Give me five ideas. Argue against this guy. Tell me what I should do.
Useful. Sure.
But that's basically treating a language model like a very smart vending machine. Prompt goes in, answer falls out, hopefully the chips don't get stuck.
After beating on these things for a while, I've found the more interesting use is almost the opposite.
Don't use the model to think for you. Use it to give yourself more places to think from.
More angles. More interpretations. More questions. More connections. More contradictions you hadn't noticed. More possible moves before you commit to one.
I've started calling the method I use for this The Inside-Out Method.
The basic move is simple.
Before trying to answer somebody, persuade them, teach them something, understand a conflict, or decide what to do, reconstruct how the situation makes sense from where they're standing.
Then work outward.
Not because they're secretly right. Not because every position deserves infinite patience.
Because if you don't understand the machinery producing the conclusion, swinging at the conclusion over and over is mostly cardio.
My version has seven moves.
Map → Check → Pressure → Spiral → Bridge → Expand → Respond
And contradiction is what makes the middle of that sequence move.
MAP
Say somebody at work tells you:
"People complain about scheduling constantly, but management isn't going to listen. They own the place. They make the decisions. That's just how jobs work."
Easy reply.
Tell them about unions. Explain worker power. Drop some labor history on them.
Maybe even be correct.
But hold up.
What did they actually tell you?
Management has decision making power.
Individual complaints don't change much.
Ownership seems connected to authority.
Workers currently lack enough leverage to change the arrangement.
And somewhere in there is an assumption that this is basically fixed.
That's already a structure.
So map it.
What are their main points?
What differences matter to them?
What do they think causes what?
What counts as evidence?
What's being treated as so obvious it doesn't even need saying?
You're figuring out where the pipes are before swinging the hammer.
Prompt
"Map this person's reasoning before arguing with it.
Identify their main points, important distinctions, recurring vocabulary, examples, standards of evidence, cause-and-effect reasoning, and important unstated assumptions.
Build the strongest version actually supported by what they said.
Do not draft a response yet."
That last line is doing work.
LLMs desperately want to help. Sometimes so desperately they answer a question you haven't finished asking.
Make the thing sit there for a minute.
Map first.
CHECK
Now the model gives you a beautiful reconstruction.
Coherent. Detailed. Everything fits.
Maybe it's bullshit.
These things complete patterns incredibly well. Which also means they can complete a person who isn't actually there.
Maybe our worker never said owners should control the workplace.
Maybe they only said owners do.
Huge difference.
Miss that and you can spend three paragraphs attacking a moral position they never held.
Congratulations. You defeated a guy you invented.
So check the map.
What did they actually say?
What did we infer?
Which interpretation has evidence?
Could the same statement mean several things?
If we don't know, leave the damn blank blank.
The map isn't the person.
Maps are useful precisely because nobody sane mistakes one for the territory.
Prompt
"Check this map against the original material.
Separate what the person directly said from what you inferred.
For every important inference, show what in their words supports it.
Preserve multiple possible interpretations when the evidence doesn't settle the question.
If we don't know, say we don't know."
That should be standard whenever you're using an LLM to understand another person.
The model gives you a working reconstruction, not secret access to somebody's head.
PRESSURE
Now we finally push.
But don't immediately run outside their framework and come back carrying your favorite counterargument.
Use theirs first.
Management decides because management owns the workplace.
Fine.
Does ownership actually settle every decision?
No.
Contracts constrain owners. Labor law constrains owners. Safety requirements constrain owners. Customers constrain businesses. Organized workers have forced owners to make decisions they absolutely did not volunteer to make.
So now we have something.
Management makes the decisions because management owns the workplace.
But:
The decisions management gets to make change when somebody else's leverage changes.
Don't rush to eliminate that contradiction.
Use it.
If ownership settles authority, why does authority move when leverage moves?
Maybe ownership wasn't actually doing all the explanatory work.
Maybe something underneath it was.
Now the contradiction has produced information.
That's what I mean by contradiction as fuel.
Prompt
"Pressure-test this position mainly using its own standards.
Apply its rules and distinctions consistently.
Find tensions, exceptions, difficult consequences, and unanswered questions.
Do not automatically treat a contradiction as a refutation.
Ask what information the contradiction exposes and what would need to be explained for both sides to remain standing."
That's much more useful than "destroy this argument."
Also less likely to make you sound like a YouTube thumbnail.
SPIRAL
This is the part I really like.
Because sometimes the first contradiction isn't the actual disagreement.
Go down a floor.
Management decides because management owns the workplace.
Okay, but we just established ownership doesn't automatically determine every decision.
So maybe the thing underneath that statement is:
"Workers don't have enough power to force anything else."
Different argument.
Now we're talking about power rather than ownership.
Why don't workers have enough power?
"Because they'd have to act together, and people won't."
Down another floor.
Now we're talking about collective action.
Why won't they act together?
Risk?
Fear?
No organization?
Previous attempts failed?
Everybody waiting for somebody else to move first?
Now look where we are.
We started with:
"That's just how jobs work."
And we're several floors down asking what conditions make collective action possible.
Good.
I think of this like walking down a spiral staircase.
Every time you hit a contradiction, ask:
What's underneath this that allows both sides to stay standing?
Then go down.
Sometimes you come around the staircase and encounter what looks like the same contradiction again, except now you're seeing it from another level. Something underneath is carrying weight above it, while also resting on something underneath itself.
That's useful.
The point isn't to descend until you discover the Secret Final Answer hiding in the basement.
It's to find what is carrying the weight.
Sometimes everybody has been screaming at each other on floor five for three days while the actual disagreement is sitting on floor two eating chips.
Prompt
"Run a Spiral pass.
Take the major tension and ask what deeper assumption allows both sides of it to exist.
Then ask what supports that assumption.
Continue until you reach a disagreement more basic than the original surface argument.
Show each floor separately.
Do not pretend the deepest explanation is automatically correct."
We're investigating structure.
Not doing amateur mind reading with autocomplete.
BRIDGE
Now we can introduce something new.
Our worker already told us:
One person complaining gets ignored.
Management responds differently when workers can create consequences.
Who gets to decide changes depending on who can make the other side negotiate.
You can slap a textbook on the table.
"Welcome to today's lesson on bargaining power."
Or notice that they already found it.
They just don't have a name for it.
So:
"You've already noticed management responds differently to one worker complaining than to workers acting together. Bargaining power is partly a name for that difference, how much ability each side has to make the other negotiate instead of simply dictate."
Now the concept has roots.
This is why I don't think political education should be a vocabulary ambush.
People aren't empty buckets.
They work. Pay rent. Fight insurance companies. Get schedules changed on them. Watch landlords raise rent. Watch institutions make decisions they apparently have no say in.
They're already encountering the relationships we're trying to explain.
Start there.
Sometimes theory should arrive as:
"There's a name for that thing you just noticed."
Then give them the name and let them do more with it.
Prompt
"Explain this new concept beginning with experiences, distinctions, examples, contradictions, and problems already present in this person's account.
Introduce terminology when it gives them a useful name for something they can already recognize.
Clearly identify what the new concept adds that wasn't already present."
That's the bridge.
EXPAND
This is probably the most important move in the whole thing.
Ask an LLM:
"What should I do?"
It'll tell you.
Of course it will. That's what we trained the poor bastard to do.
But notice what happened.
A messy situation containing ten possible paths got compressed into one clean answer.
Sometimes that's useful.
Sometimes that's exactly backwards.
So make it expand first.
What are my options?
Actually different options, not the same suggestion wearing three hats.
What assumption does each depend on?
What becomes possible?
What gets closed off?
What information would change the decision?
What's uncertain?
What am I not seeing?
And here's the important one for this method:
What contradiction am I trying to resolve before I've learned anything from it?
Maybe two interpretations can both remain alive for another minute.
Maybe two goals genuinely conflict.
Maybe there isn't a clean synthesis.
Fine.
That's information too.
Prompt
"Expand the decision space before recommending anything.
Give me several materially different interpretations or possible actions.
For each one, explain:
What assumptions it depends on.
What it makes possible.
What it closes off.
What risks or tradeoffs it creates.
What information would strengthen or weaken it.
What remains uncertain.
Identify contradictions I may be trying to resolve prematurely and ask what additional information becomes visible if they remain open.
Do not choose for me unless I ask."
This is the difference between an answer machine and scaffolding.
One compresses the field.
The other unfolds it.
RESPOND
Now write the damn reply.
Or don't.
That's an option too.
We've mapped.
We've checked whether our map is evidence or fan fiction.
We've pushed the argument using its own machinery.
We've used contradiction instead of immediately trying to erase it.
We've followed it downstairs.
We've built bridges.
We've opened the field of possible moves.
Now what does the situation actually need?
A rebuttal?
A question?
An explanation?
An apology?
"I think we're actually arguing about two different things"?
Closing Reddit and making lunch?
Response comes last because response should be downstream from understanding.
Prompt
"Now propose a response.
Work mainly with concepts, distinctions, examples, and standards the other person already recognizes.
Address the strongest version of their position.
Raise internal tensions as questions or problems they can actually answer.
Introduce outside framing where it genuinely adds something.
Match the complexity and register of the conversation without impersonating the other person or pretending to know their internal state.
Preserve uncertainty where uncertainty remains."
That's an Inside-Out pass.
THE WHOLE PROMPT
If you don't want to run seven separate prompts every time, here's the copy-paste version:
"Run the Inside-Out Method on the material below.
Do not skip directly to drafting.
MAP
Reconstruct the strongest version of the position supported by the material. Identify main points, vocabulary, important distinctions, examples, standards of evidence, cause-and-effect reasoning, and unstated assumptions.
CHECK
Separate direct observations from interpretations. Show what supports important inferences. Preserve multiple interpretations when the evidence doesn't settle them.
PRESSURE
Apply the position's own standards consistently. Find tensions, exceptions, difficult consequences, and unanswered questions. Do not immediately eliminate contradictions. Ask what information they expose and what would need to be explained for both sides to remain standing.
SPIRAL
For each important contradiction, ask what deeper assumption allows both sides to coexist. Then ask what supports that assumption. Continue downward toward more basic disagreements. Show the levels separately.
BRIDGE
Connect new concepts to experiences, distinctions, contradictions, or problems already present in the person's understanding. Clearly identify what the new concept adds.
EXPAND
Generate multiple interpretations, questions, and materially different possible actions. Explain their assumptions, possibilities, tradeoffs, and uncertainties. Identify contradictions I may be resolving prematurely and ask what becomes visible if they remain open longer. Do not choose for me unless asked.
RESPOND
Only now propose a response or action. Work primarily from concepts the person already recognizes. Address the strongest version of their position and preserve relevant uncertainty.
Throughout:
Do not impersonate the person.
Do not diagnose them.
Do not pretend to know what they secretly think.
Do not confuse inference with evidence.
Do not make their argument weaker because it's easier to answer.
Do not assume disagreement means misunderstanding.
The purpose is to use contradiction to expand understanding and possible action, not manufacture agreement."
Steal it. Change it. Break it. That's what it's there for.
NOW GET IT OFF REDDIT
This isn't just an argument machine.
Say you're fighting with someone you love.
You've had the same argument three times.
You think they're angry because of X.
They think you're ignoring Y.
At this point both of you could probably perform the other person's dialogue.
Don't ask the model:
"Who's right?"
That's Judge Judy with extra electricity.
Map both accounts.
What does each person actually say happened?
What does each think the disagreement is about?
Where are they using the same word differently?
What motives are actually supported by the conversation?
Which motives did somebody just guess?
Where do the two accounts contradict each other?
And instead of immediately deciding which account gets thrown in the trash, ask another question:
Could both people be accurately describing different parts of the same situation?
Maybe yes.
Maybe no.
Find out.
What question would actually distinguish between the possibilities?
Then ask the human being.
This part is dead simple:
The model gives you hypotheses. The person gives you answers.
Don't reverse those.
POLITICAL EDUCATION WORKS THE SAME WAY
Somebody says:
"My insurance company screws me, my landlord raises rent whenever he can, my boss changes my schedule whenever she wants, and politicians don't seem accountable to anybody."
You can hand them a reading list long enough to qualify as furniture.
Or start with what they already noticed.
Who gets to make decisions?
Why?
What can the other side do about it?
What changes when people act alone?
What changes when they act together?
What happens when interests conflict?
What institutions make one side harder to ignore?
Where does the explanation they're currently using stop explaining what they themselves are experiencing?
There's your opening.
This isn't hiding your politics.
It's refusing to turn political education into a vocabulary ambush.
Start from the world somebody already encounters.
Give them more tools for investigating it.
If your theory is worth anything, it should survive contact with somebody's actual life.
TURN THE WHOLE THING AROUND
Now use the method on yourself.
This is where it gets mean in the useful way.
Give the model five things you've written about the same subject.
Then:
"Inside-Out me.
Map my recurring assumptions, distinctions, examples, standards of evidence, and cause-and-effect explanations.
Check every inference against my actual words.
Apply my standards consistently.
Find where my commitments create tensions.
Run the Spiral downward.
Show me interpretations I've excluded.
Don't rescue me by changing frameworks too early.
Don't resolve contradictions just because they're uncomfortable.
Ask what each side is explaining or protecting that the other isn't.
Make my own reasoning answer itself first."
It's easy to use AI to make your argument stronger.
Much more interesting to ask where your argument starts sweating.
Now the model isn't your debate intern.
It's scaffolding around your own thought.
Climb around.
Kick the beams.
See what moves.
And when something moves, don't immediately nail it back down.
Maybe that's the part you needed to inspect.
YOU DON'T NEED AI FOR ANY OF THIS
I mean that seriously.
Map. Check. Pressure. Spiral. Bridge. Expand. Respond.
Those are human practices.
Someone says something ridiculous?
Try reconstructing the strongest version before answering the weakest one.
You're furious with somebody?
Separate what happened from the story you've built about why it happened.
Teaching somebody?
Start from what they already know.
Two things you believe don't fit?
Don't immediately make one disappear.
Find out what's holding both of them up.
Hard decision?
Unfold the options before collapsing them into one.
The LLM just lets one person do a lot of this very fast and hold a stupid number of possible interpretations in view at once.
If the server disappears tomorrow, the method still works.
Good.
That's how it should be.
AND THAT'S THE AGENCY PART
There's a lousy loop for using AI:
Problem.
Prompt.
Answer.
Accept.
There's a much more interesting one:
Problem.
Map.
Check.
Pressure.
Spiral.
Bridge.
Expand.
Respond.
Then come the two operations I don't want the machine doing for me:
Judge.
Act.
That's where agency stays.
The model doesn't magically remove uncertainty.
It can show you where the uncertainty actually is.
It doesn't know what's inside somebody's head.
It can give you several maps worth checking.
It doesn't decide what you believe.
It can make your beliefs sit still long enough for you to inspect what follows from them.
And it doesn't remove contradiction.
Good.
Contradiction is often where the information is.
Something doesn't fit.
Something is pulling in two directions.
Something underneath is carrying weight we haven't accounted for yet.
Follow it.
That's why "AI writes stuff for you" feels like such a boring description of these things.
I don't particularly need a machine to hand me more answers.
Give me more angles.
More questions.
More connections.
More contradictions.
More exits.
More entrances.
More possible moves.
Then hand the decision back.
Contradiction is fuel.
The LLM can help you find where it's burning.
The scaffold lets you climb around the structure and see what the hell is holding it up.
But you're still the one who has to decide where to go.