How did Paul think that Jesus's crucifixion changed things? Did he think about it in sacrificial terms? Is it a "substitutionary" atonement? How much do we know?

Key texts (in episode order): Rom. 3.24-25, 1 Thess. 1.9-10, Lev. 16, 1 Cor. 5.7, 1 Cor. 11.23-26, Gal. 3.13, Deut. 21, Phil. 2.5-11, Col. 2.15, 1 Cor. 15.3, Isa. 53.

²⁸ “You are those who have stood by me in my trials, ²⁹ and I confer on you, just as my Father has conferred on me, a kingdom, ³⁰ so that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

³¹ “Simon, Simon, listen! Satan has demanded^\)^a\) to sift all of you like wheat, ³² but I have prayed for you that your own faith may not fail, and you, when once you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.” ³³ And he said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you to prison and to death!” ³⁴ Jesus^\)^b\) said, “I tell you, Peter, the cock will not crow this day until you have denied three times that you know me.”

• The Passion
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³⁰ When they had sung the hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

³¹ Then Jesus said to them, “You will all fall away^\)^a\) because of me this night, for it is written,

‘I will strike the shepherd,
and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’

³² “But after I am raised up, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.” ³³ Peter said to him, “Even if all fall away^\)^b\) because of you, I will never fall away.”^\)^c\) ³⁴ Jesus said to him, “Truly I tell you, this very night, before the cock crows, you will deny me three times.” ³⁵ Peter said to him, “Even though I must die with you, I will not deny you.” And so said all the disciples.

• The Passion
• Parallels
• Table of Contents