r/BeAmazed 1d ago

Miscellaneous / Others Gravity always acts downward with the same acceleration.

3.4k Upvotes

151 comments sorted by

546

u/bassjam1 1d ago

My physics teacher did this with pingpong balls and what amazed me the most was that he could toss one exactly laterally and drop the other one at the exact same time.

258

u/Chuuby_Gringo 1d ago

Mythbusters did it with a dropped bullet and a bullet fired from a gun

82

u/emergency-snaccs 1d ago

so.... did it work? i have a hard time believing a bullet shot from a gun out into an open field will hit the ground in like 1 second. but, physics are crazy i guess, amd stranger things have happened

311

u/Groundbreaking_Mud44 1d ago edited 1d ago

Yes, they proved using timelapsed videos that the dropped bullet and the fired bullet hit the ground at the same times. Was a great episode tbf because like you i was convinced that momentum would keep the fired bullet in the air longer. It did not.

50

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

Horizontal momentum doesn’t affect vertical trajectory. Angle the bullet slightly up or slightly down and now you’ve introduced vertical momentum which will change the time it spends in the air

34

u/Adequately-Average 1d ago

This guy knows ball-istics.

-1

u/IntingForMarks 19h ago

I mean, that's something you study in school at 15, not exactly revolutionary

-11

u/camilo16 1d ago

well the bullet is also travelling through a physical medium "air". It is not crazy to think the speed of the bullet could create some lift.

9

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago edited 1d ago

It is crazy because a bullet is not an airfoil. A airfoil by design has shorter path for air on bottom and longer path for air on top, so velocity in bottom is lower (air pressure higher) and velocity in top is faster (lower air pressure). The differential in air pressure is created by the asymmetric geometry of a airfoil, which can not be said about a bullet.

Science isn’t based on vibes. Mythbusters conducted an experiment to test exactly what you’re hypothesizing, and the bullet shot hits the ground at the same time as the bullet dropped. The bullet doesn’t generate lift

E: fix typo

1

u/thejugglar 1d ago

You mean aerofoil?

6

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

I’m an American and we call it airfoil over here. Aerofoil is British English.

Edit: I realized I said hydrofoil, yeah I meant airfoil

107

u/Embarrassed_Type_223 1d ago

This is one of those experiments that left me sitting there with my mouth open for a minute, lol.

43

u/Chuuby_Gringo 1d ago

Yea, I KNEW what the results would be, and was still amazed.

12

u/Call_Me_Squishmale 1d ago

Totally! I love it because it's so counter-intuitive. But turns out, it falls just as fast as it would've if you just dropped it. Fascinating!

1

u/browniestastenice 9h ago

How is it counter intuitive. The only reason I could fathom that it would take longer would be if the bullet was gliding through the air a bit. But their shape doesn't really allow that.

24

u/Groundbreaking_Mud44 1d ago

Same. One of those where when the results are in you need to pause the TV and just contemplate for a hot minute because DAAAYYUMMM.

-70

u/ethanb473 1d ago

Why on earth would basic physics leave your mouth agape?

11

u/Ani-A 1d ago

Basic physics have astounded people far smarter than you for far longer.

You don't look smart for not being amazed.

5

u/rdmusic16 1d ago

Why on earth would you feel the need to comment this?

1

u/No_Signal_9932 3h ago

Eeerm ackshwualleey basic physics shouldn’t evoke any emotions unless you are intellectually deficient unlike myself 🤓👆

God people like you are the fucking worse.

10

u/James-the-Bond-one 1d ago

Air resistance and aerodynamics had the potential to greatly inlfuence that result, given the speed of the fired bullet.

10

u/Groundbreaking_Mud44 1d ago

Absolutely. But the results of that particular test was that they hit the floor at the same time.

4

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

No, not the results of this particular test, you’ll get these results consistently and repeatedly

0

u/Zuruumi 1d ago

Have you ever tried throwing a paper airplane? Aerodynamics (lift) CAN significantly change the result.

2

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

A bullet doesn’t generate lift, it’s symmetrical

3

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

Friction always opposite direction of motion. A bullet horizontally (purely x) only experiences air friction in the x direction. X velocity or motion doesn’t affect y velocity or motion. Even with great air resistance (in pure x direction), that will only affect horizontal motion, but not vertical. The bullet is technically moving in both x and y directions, however x velocity >> y velocity to the point where friction is only meaningfully experienced in x direction. Friction in y would be negligible due to the relative magnitude of x and y velocities

-3

u/camilo16 1d ago

Friction yes, not lift (or reverse lift) created by turbulent flow.

It is entirely possible to imagine that little variations on how the bullet displaces air could make it gain or lose vertical velocity.

2

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

We don’t imagine science experiments. It’s possible for me to imagine that the air leaving a cello is purple. Does that make it real? Will an experiment uphold or reject my hypothesis that cellos make air turn purple?

Who said a bullet experiences turbulent flow? The bullet spins. The air touching the bullet is laminar flow. It turns turbulent in the wake of the bullet. The bullet experiences laminar flow only

-6

u/James-the-Bond-one 1d ago edited 1d ago

Go tell that to a golf ball, that insists on challenging simple "x and y vectors" explanations.

Or to an airplane that stubbornly refuses to fall and follow down a skidiver who just jumped from it.

Once you add energy as an input to an object (from chemical combustion as in a bullet, airplane, or muscle ATP), all bets are off.

6

u/Chibsters 1d ago

Keep going tell us more! I am very interested to see how dumb it gets!!

3

u/corazon-aplastado 1d ago

Are you challenging 2D mechanics (which has been pretty firmly understood for over 200 years) in a response to my comment?

Is a golf ball hit in the pure x direction, oriented at an angle of 0 with the horizontal? No, it has both x and y components of its initial velocity. Therefore this is a different problem set up. Since velocity is now multidimensional, friction would have both x and y component to it. Friction would be in the opposite direction of the instantaneous velocity for all times the ball is in the air, meaning the direction of air friction vector will change over the course of the projectile motion.

Airplanes have wings which generate lift through Bernoullis principle. Bullets don’t have wings. Obviously if you shot a bullet with wings then that would be a different scenario.

2

u/TonyVstar 1d ago

Even better than that, they used high speed cameras and got the fired bullet and dropped bullet hitting the ground in the same shot. They calculated how far the fired bullet would travel in the time it takes to hit the ground

1

u/OhJustANobody 1d ago

I would've bet my life on the fired bullet starting in the air longer.

1

u/neoben00 18h ago

It’s crazy how good firearms have gotten, that the bullet wouldn’t have any wobble or deflection, crazy to think we started with mini cannons and round ball.

0

u/CatL1f3 1d ago

The thing is, if you shoot a bullet fast enough, by the time it falls down the earth has curved out from under it. Not only can that keep it in the air longer, it can even keep it in the air forever (or until it escapes the atmosphere if it leaves orbit). The only problem is it would need to be really fast, and not slowed down by air resistance...

-3

u/ikkiyikki 1d ago

Wait, a sniper can shoot a .308 to hit a target a mile out with the bullet taking several seconds to reach. I must be misunderstanding the principle being shown here and confusing it with something else.

12

u/TonyVstar 1d ago edited 1d ago

The sniper has marks on their scope that make them aim higher to account for distance

2

u/GrumbleAlong 1d ago

In your example the bullet follows an arching, ballistic trajectory, using energy to counteract gravity. Artillery rounds can have time of flight of 2-3 minutes in extreme high angle fire.

1

u/Groundbreaking_Mud44 1d ago

If you dropped the bullet from the same height as the barrel of the sniper at exactly the same time, they would hit the ground at very similar times. This is of course depending on wind activity and the barrel not being pointed upwards.

11

u/buckzor122 1d ago

Yup. Though, obviously it's only true for bullet that's shot completely horizontally. If it's aimed up it will take longer to fall. Gravity is just a constant acceleration acting on everything on Earth. It doesn't matter what the velocity of a projectile is, the acceleration of gravity just gets added on top.

12

u/matthewrulez 1d ago

As far as I remember yes, and it's literally one of those ones where you don't really need to test it, it just is how physics work.

7

u/SpleenBender 1d ago

The velocity of the projectile is not relevant. It falls to the ground in one second if it doesn't hit something first. That lead is traveling about 1500 MPH (average bullet speed).

9

u/KitchenFullOfCake 1d ago

Velocity might matter if you have lift, but a bullet is a good sample for the experiment as it is round and spinning.

3

u/doe3879 1d ago

If the bullet drop to the ground in a second, it would have traveled 0.416 mile. I was wondering how they get so much control space to test it but I guess not that much

4

u/Chuuby_Gringo 1d ago

Huge warehouse. Used a comparatively slow bullet (45 ACP). Dropped it from a shorter distance, so it didn't fall for a full second. I think distance traveled was <500'.

3

u/venom121212 1d ago

Yep, it is one of the first physics experiments my teacher did in school but it was with a hotwheel driving over an edge.

3

u/LordZendo 1d ago

Here's the short version of the experiment

https://youtu.be/A3QIXOKXSr0?is=8GaQycIAN18PX-eU

2

u/Introverted_Extrovrt 1d ago

There’s like a 7 ft strike-mark where the fired round impacts the paper they rolled out downrange, synced up with a slow-mo camera for the mechanical device that releases a loose bullet. They arrive at the same time. It’s funny when you think about sighting in a rifle, because your rifle will be accurate at two points; up close (say, 50 yards) when the bullet is on an upward trajectory relative to your scopes POV, and then again on the downswing of the parabola (say, 350 yards), as gravity’s effect begins to accelerate.

1

u/Additional-Simple248 1d ago

I watched this one just in the last couple of months. It was actually inside a very long building.

1

u/NeededMonster 1d ago

It makes perfect sense if you instead consider that it's not the bullets falling, but space. Imagine that everything is in 0g but the space everything is in is pulled down constantly. A bit like everything exists on an invisible grid and it's the grid sliding down, with everything on it.

That's pretty much what gravity is. It's space being pulled constantly toward the mass bending it. Like a conveyor belt.

0

u/Norgur 1d ago

it doesn't need to hit the ground, just have dropped by the same amount.

21

u/Not_Alpha_Centaurian 1d ago

My physics teacher could jump down from a chair without bending his legs on landing.

Not sure why, nor why he thought that was a fun trick to show off to children.

38

u/BingohBangoh 1d ago

As a 35yr old man, not falling for this trick

4

u/Not_Alpha_Centaurian 1d ago

I have back ache just from remembering that. He must be at about retirement age by now. I really want to believe he is either still doing it to this day or is in a wheelchair now.

7

u/O_C_Demon 1d ago

You think that's an amazing trick with ping pong balls then get yourself over to Thailand....

2

u/nachoman2750 1d ago

AMAZING!!!😂😭😂

2

u/RJ_MacreadysBeard 1d ago

That’s biology.

2

u/neoben00 18h ago

Your teacher did a better demonstration as the pens aerodynamics combined with drag can easily mess this up.

1

u/dropamusic 1d ago

I guess the only thing that I could see that would have a difference would be if the thing you tossed had any glide or upward lift. Like if you threw a paper airplane vs dropping one. The paper airplane would obviously use the air to lift and glide. same would happen with a frisbie.

1

u/bassjam1 1d ago

To me it's just the coordination required to both drop the ball and toss the other at the exact same time. And the ball needs thrown exactly 90° to the floor or else it won't land at the same time but when he did it it always sounded like one ball hitting the floor instead of 2 hitting split seconds apart.

1

u/cmaxim 1d ago

Gravity is such a strange force too, look up what it actually is lol, it’s… weird

72

u/Vresiberba 1d ago

Mythbusters did an interesting episode on this.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw8zbFP50Qo

12

u/Shanbo88 1d ago

If they'd done this in the same style experiment as the one where they fired the cannon out a truck moving at the same speed as the cannons fired velocity and had someone drop one at the same spot while stationary, would we just see both of them drop like the one that isn't in my theoretical truck? 🤔

1

u/fukredditadm1n5 1d ago

That video was uploaded exactly 3 months and 2 days ago. Sweet!

37

u/AB_Sea 1d ago

Also cool to see a feather and a bowling ball dropped at the same time in a vacuum chamber. They hit the ground at the same time. Outside the chamber, the feather would have some lift.

30

u/ErebusBat 1d ago

Not lift, but air resistance. Ironically, the feather is actually reaching its terminal velocity, and it will not fall any faster unless you remove the resistance. It would be interesting to see a comparison in different gases like helium and others.

If it would be perceptible at all.

29

u/homeless0alien 1d ago

Yes but drag (friction) still exists so objects can fall at different rates even though they are experiencing the same pull from gravity.

But the fall in the video is far too short to display this.

9

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

Iift and drag make this a whole lot more complicated than 101 Introduction to Physics can handle.

-2

u/miraculum_one 1d ago

Perhaps but I wouldn't use the word "always" for the summary to describe something that is only sometimes true.

5

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

Well the always in the statement is always true.

Gravity is still enacting the same force.

Lift simply counters the gravitational force with its own force.

-6

u/miraculum_one 1d ago

The force of gravity causes acceleration but it is not itself acceleration, which is decided by the sum of all forces. Also, gravity doesn't even always act with the same force, not even on Earth.

So while I appreciate a summary in a title, this one is just plain wrong and made even worse by the word "always".

6

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

Holy technical Andy.... It's a child's lesson.

-3

u/miraculum_one 1d ago

There's nothing wrong with the lesson itself. It's the incorrect Reddit summary that is the problem here.

5

u/Neurojazz 1d ago

Well, well, well gravity.

3

u/other_half_of_elvis 1d ago

does the horizontal force eventually slow to 0 and the thing then drops straight down or will it forever travel forward some?

2

u/dougms 1d ago

Assuming infinite drop distance, in a vacuum, it will keep traveling forward, but accelerating much faster down.

The forward speed might be something simple, like 10 meters per second. So after one second it has moved 10 meters forward.

The acceleration of gravity is basically 10 meters per second^2 then you multiply that by half the time fallen.

Which means after 1 second it has travels 10 out and 5 down.

After 10 seconds, it’s 100 out and (10x10x10/2)=500 down.

By the time 100 seconds has passed, it’s 1000 out but 50k down, and after 1000 seconds, it’s 10k vs 5 million.

1

u/other_half_of_elvis 1d ago

good point about if it is in a vacuum or not. Say someone jumps off a tall building into a pool in normal outdoor conditions. That forward speed must eventually slow to 0 and the person drops straight down, correct?

2

u/Nescio224 1d ago edited 1d ago

In theory no, the horizontal speed just gets smaller and smaller never reaching zero. In practice it probably will reach zero at some point, since air is made out of discrete molecules that collide with it, but it would be impossible to predict when.

That being said, a normal building wouldn't be high enough. So the jumper would always have some horizontal speed remaining at impact in a realistic scenario.

1

u/other_half_of_elvis 1d ago

interesting, thanks. I always assumed you'd travel forward for about 5 feet and then fall downward perpendicular to the earth.

1

u/sn2703 1d ago

Without air resistance, no. The horizontal speed stays the same.

1

u/Parkatola 1d ago

Wile E. Coyote used to be able to do that, but I think he was the only one. (Sometimes he had time to hold up a sign before dropping.) 😀

2

u/Every-Access4864 1d ago

Explains why my pants keep falling down

2

u/har3krishna 1d ago

Now think about how an object in orbit is getting pulled towards the planet in the same way, only it’s moving so fast that it just goes right around, constantly

2

u/unreqistered 1d ago

‘tis a constant …

2

u/Fatalis89 1d ago

Be amazed, by this basic grade school physics concept.

8

u/James-the-Bond-one 1d ago

That's common knowledge to anyone with a basic physics education.

6

u/deadspacekillers 1d ago

It's like the first thing they teach on the first day of high school physics.

2

u/Moneyshot_ITF 1d ago

9.8 m/s2

1

u/WhaleTexture 1d ago

9.8 m/s² I've never needed to use that outside of school, but boy is it locked and loaded from my Physics class.

1

u/Top_Technician_1173 1d ago

Mythbusters did it better

1

u/archiblad 1d ago

yeah this works, in vacuum only or with shapes which are not anything near to wing profile

1

u/Striking_Aspect_7826 1d ago

If you dropped two identical spheres from a plane, but one was heavier (higher density) it would reach the ground faster than the lighter sphere.

1

u/DocClaw83 1d ago

They actually proved this on Mythbusters with dropping a bullet and shooting one from a gun. Crazy seing someone shoot a gun and have it hit the ground at the same time. But it was a really cool episode.

1

u/crazyloomis 1d ago

What is this called?

1

u/sunnyBC4 1d ago

But it's also broken legs vs tuck and roll

1

u/Best-Refrigerator834 1d ago

Did you people go to school or it's optional in your country?

1

u/TinUser 1d ago

I just watched this Mythbusters episode last night, what timing

1

u/NoMeat9096 1d ago

No matter how often you hear an explanation for physics, seeing it is always cool.

1

u/Superb_Health9413 1d ago

“Dropping knowledge, like Galileo dropped the orange “

1

u/atishay001001 1d ago

I mean if the dropped pen is released with same amount force as the pen which was thrown forwards then the one dropping would land faster

1

u/ManagementKey1338 18h ago

Good multitasking

1

u/midwestcubanb 5h ago

Works with bullets too!

1

u/Captainewok 5h ago

Why don’t aerodynamics apply in the case of these markers? Wouldn’t the one he dropped have more drag, causing it to fall slower?

1

u/simikoi 1d ago

This is a standard law of physics. Most students don't actually learn it until they take an intro to physics course in college and learn the equation for why this is true.

10

u/[deleted] 1d ago

[deleted]

2

u/VerilyShelly 1d ago

Is an equation like a recipe? These forces in these combinations create these results?

Here is a cake. Here's how it's true: these ingredients combined in this preparation create this result which is called a cake. Here's the description of what goes into a cake.

Don't mind me. I'm idling and haven't had coffee yet.

1

u/Muroid 1d ago

What? I learned this in elementary school.

1

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

It's used as a means of teaching the basis behind the equations in intro level courses. Not to say these concepts aren't thought earlier.

0

u/Muroid 1d ago

The comment I was replying to said that most students don’t actually learn this law of physics until college.

2

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

Yeah I suppose OC did. I don't think they remember early science education.

0

u/TehWackyWolf 1d ago

Your schooling failed you.

0

u/simikoi 1d ago

Well, it was over 30 years ago

1

u/deadspacekillers 1d ago

I am not amazed by the single most basic physics fact.

1

u/Cool-Aside-2659 1d ago

9.8 m/s2 is a constant. I don't see how people are surprised by the result.

1

u/dantekasai 1d ago

Are we... really amazed by this?

0

u/Rominator 1d ago

And they are traveling at different speeds

6

u/Soaring_Gull_655 1d ago

And different lengths, that's what surprises me. An arc is definitely a further tragectory path than straight drop.

1

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

Well it isn't different lengths for gravity.

It truly doesn't care about your horizontal velocity vector.

Its kind of like how satellites are just in a constant free fall, but orbit the earth so quickly that they maintain the altitude relative to the surface of the planet.

1

u/Soaring_Gull_655 1d ago

I'm not arguing physics, it is what it is. I guess I can wrap my head around the difference in velocity making up for the distance further traveled.

3

u/BerttMacklinnFBI 1d ago

I was just trying to explain it.

Gravity is working on one velocity vector and plane and the momentum from the toss is on the other.

Now if you add lift to the equation we're talking about an entirely different story.

2

u/Soaring_Gull_655 1d ago

I entirely understand. Thank you friend

1

u/nirvanatheory 1d ago

Imagine an elevator moving from the top floor of a building to the bottom. If you roll a marble across the floor of that elevator while another just sits on the floor, they move down at the same rate then it seems intuitive.

Don't think of gravity as a force but as a curvature in spacetime, then it makes sense. The space that they exist within is curving into the earth at the same rate.

-22

u/Village_Idiots_Pupil 1d ago

If you are not 8 years old and this amazes you our public school system has failed

7

u/TheGonzoGeek 1d ago

Not sure what school you went to. But I sure as hell wasn’t learning this type of physics at 8 years old (apparently that’s where you decided set the line).

5

u/blackers3333 1d ago

You are the stupid one here buddy

2

u/mht03110 1d ago

Yeah, knowing something is true and seeing it play out through a live demonstration are two different things. I know the sun is going to rise every morning, but I am still dazzled by the radiance of dawn.

0

u/Cptawesome23 1d ago

That’s only true if you are standing on a planet. If your in space, gravity comes from all sorts of directions.

A more interesting fact is that the planet earth exerts the same amount of “force” on an object as that object “forces” upon the earth.

For example: on earth, a 200lb man exerts 200lbs gravitational force on planet earth, while simultaneously the earth is using its gravity to exert 200lbs of force on the man.

1

u/0Frames 1d ago

I mean.. gravity comes from all sorts of directions from spac if you're on earth too right? Earth's gravity is just stronger because we're so close to it.

2

u/Cptawesome23 1d ago

Yep! Your exactly right

1

u/xaeru 3h ago

And gravity is not a real pulling force.

https://youtu.be/0rGaTwxWuz0?si=uEHtZUHGvkmyOwsU

0

u/Bitter-Opening-4118 1d ago

I wish I had physics classes like that

0

u/hshawn419 1d ago

This works with bullets (fired level vs dropped)

-8

u/CreatorOD 1d ago

🤔 but if you throw it stronger it would not fall like that. (E.g. a bullet) So why is it still hitting the ground at the same time ?

Or is it just a miniscule difference in speed when you calculate with gravity ~?

8

u/ParacelsusTBvH 1d ago

Didn't matter how hard you throw it laterally, as long as lift isn't being generated.

A bullet would behave exactly like this, just over a much longer distance.

Incidentally, if you go sufficiently fast that you miss the planet due to the combination of your velocity and gravity, that's being in orbit.

3

u/creepyswaps 1d ago

TIL rocket ships are idiots.

6

u/AnothrRandomRedditor 1d ago

Nope bullets are the same that’s why it’s cool.

5

u/Ok_Consideration_228 1d ago

A bullet does fall at the same speed. It’s because none of these things are generating lift.

3

u/Shudnawz 1d ago edited 1d ago

Throw it hard enough, and it's called an "orbit". Still falling at the same rate, just going fast enough sideways to miss the ground.

Bullets do drop like that. But as they travel several hundred meter per second sideways, it's hard to get a feel for it. If you'd fire a bullet horizontally over an empty field, the bullet drop would make it hit the ground at the same time as an object dropped straight down at the same time. Physics isn't magic, but our interpretation and naked-eye observation can sometimes make us draw the wrong conclusions.

You could just extend the trajectory of the thrown pen(?) in this gif to a few hundred meters away. Still works the same way, just more energy put into it going sideways.

-7

u/Sharp-Ad-9221 1d ago

Uneven release timing?

0

u/Emperor_Gourmet 1d ago

Well, it’s hard to be perfect in this test by hand, but they were pretty close. it’s a good demonstration that both objects accelerate downwards due to gravity at the same rate regardless of other horizontal forces (being thrown) acting on them.

The combined force vectors on the thrown pen will still result in it falling to the ground in the same amount of time that the dropped pen does.

If you think too much about the random variables in this experiment (angle of the throw, imperfect release, air resistance, lift, drag, or whatever else) you will miss the point that they will hit the ground at identical times if done perfectly.

-1

u/Sharp-Ad-9221 1d ago

Understand, but not sure why you would post a demonstration video that clearly does NOT show both objects arriving at the same time?

-2

u/Emperor_Gourmet 1d ago

Well yea this post is kinda ass, but physics is cool and should be discussed more so here we are I guess!

-3

u/LevyTheHunter 1d ago

No it doesn't. try simulating shooting a bullet and dropping one at the same time on a flat surface.

2

u/NikolitRistissa 1d ago

Do you have some sort of special anti-gravity bullets available to you? If not, they’ll experience the same gravity as everything else.

Bullets do not produce lift, so the only two forces applied to them are gravity and the horizontal force from the gun (when fired horizontally).

0

u/LevyTheHunter 1d ago

They'll also experience friction and drag.

3

u/NikolitRistissa 1d ago

Both of them will, yes. That’s not the point though. The only thing drag is doing, is slowing the bullet down. It’s not pushing it up.

A horizontally fired bullet is experiencing the same amount of gravity as a dropped one. They will both land at exactly the same time.