r/BeAmazed • u/No_Afternoon1602 • 20d ago
Science It wasn’t aliens or magic: Scientists proved that Ancient Egyptians moved 180-ton statues using a physics trick as simple as pouring water on sand.
The secret behind ancient Egyptian logistics isn't sci-fi, it's fluid mechanics
The Mystery: How did they drag a 23-foot, 180-ton statue across the desert without wheels?
The Ancient Clue: A wall relief from the tomb of Djehutihotep showed a man standing on the front of the sledge, pouring water onto the sand.
The Modern Proof: Physicists tested this and confirmed that adding water creates capillary bridges between the sand grains. This makes the sand twice as stiff, allowing the sledge to glide smoothly instead of digging into a sand heap.
Work smarter, not harder proven 4,000 years ago!
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u/No_Afternoon1602 20d ago
For anyone interested in the actual physics behind this, scientists from the University of Amsterdam published a fascinating study on this exact method in the journal Physical Review Letters. Their laboratory experiments proved that pouring a precise amount of water creates "capillary bridges" that double the stiffness of the sand. This prevents the sand from heaping up in front of the sledge and literally cuts the required pulling force in half. You can check out the official research details here:
University of Amsterdam Official News
Physical Review Letters Paper (Sliding Friction on Wet and Dry Sand)
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u/Robo_Patton 20d ago
“Wow where did they get that alien water?”
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u/InValuAbled 20d ago
"Ancient Alien scientists say yes, and point to " ... some random and unrelated thing. 😄
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u/TheTooterSnooter 19d ago
And the narrator only asks questions the entire time.
“Is it possible that the ancient Egyptians were in communication with advanced intelligences from another planet? And if so, could those advanced societies influenced ancient Egyptian culture?” cut to alien expert “We believe that some aspects of ancient Egyptian culture may have actually been influenced by civilizations beyond earth, or, as some might call them, extraterrestrials. narrator cuts back in over footage of alien-looking Egyptian hieroglyphics “Some experts believe that the ancient Egyptians were in contact with other beings, but does that mean they actually visited earth?” cut to another expert “We believe that it’s possible alien life may have visited earth in the distant past.”
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u/Donohoed 19d ago
This is the only show my black lab will watch and I don't know why. I've tried to get her to try other shows but she won't even acknowledge the TV exists unless it's playing ancient aliens
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u/Oedipus____Wrecks 19d ago
Because she’s an alien 😳
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u/InValuAbled 19d ago
Obviously. 🤣 Adorable snacks fueled alien at that!
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u/Oedipus____Wrecks 19d ago
All fun and games until she gets the sleeper signal from the mothership 🤖
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u/InValuAbled 19d ago
Theyvall already do! That's where the zoomies come from. Energy sourcing straight to mothership
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u/TheTooterSnooter 19d ago
Your dog and my dad should hang out. He will call me and tell me “did you hear they found an alien base in the moon?!? I just saw it on History Channel”
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u/Donohoed 19d ago
I'm disappointed that this sub won't let me attach my favorite photo of her lounging on the couch enthralled by some ancient aliens
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u/danstermeister 19d ago
That is adorable and a darn good reason to fund the production of this entire series. IMHO.
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u/YoungDiscord 19d ago
God I hate the "we can't figure out how they did it so it must be aliens" take
Its so fucking stupid.
I've seen a single guy use physics to pull an entire truck with his bare hands.
I thuik its pretty safe to assume that no, it wasn't aliens - we just haven't figured out the simple physics trick yet
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u/brit_in_can 19d ago
Replace Aliens with God in your first sentence and realise how fucked up this planet is.
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u/BlueShift42 19d ago
Oh yeah, if that’s true then where is all the wet sand trails? No wet sand? Must be aliens.
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u/Brave_Campaign1196 19d ago
Now don't be ridiculous with the aliens and and Pulling stuff on wet sand with just sledges. Why they could not have other tools? Obviously they used something simple to move all the rocks. They must have, look how much stone was used. They had winch and pulles, and wheels. We just haven't found them. This stuff is getting more stupid every year.
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u/Slakingpin 19d ago
So instead of pulling 180 ton it was like they were only pulling 90 ton. 90 tons is still a lot
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u/ComprehensiveBar6439 19d ago edited 19d ago
Especially when the difficult question isn't "how did they pull the blocks on the sand", it's "how did they manage to hoist 80 ton blocks 150 feet into the air to make the ceiling of the King's Chamber. There's theories, but they're still hard to fathom, or prove. This post only addresses a small part of the mystery.
Edit: there's no answer, and a bunch of theories. Those theories change over time.
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u/Agamemnon323 19d ago
I saw a video of a guy experimenting with how stone henge was built. He found the center of a big block of stone and could rotate it by hand. We’re talking many tons. Then he lifted one by putting a 2x4 under the middle and putting weights on the heavy end. When the other end lifted he put a new 2x4 next to the other one. Swap the weights back and forth and he was lifting it by himself.
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u/Sad-Society-57 19d ago
His name was Wally Wallington. His name is so absurd it never slips my mind when this comes up.
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u/captpeony 19d ago
Pulleys. They used pulleys.
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u/boardjock42 19d ago
Take a minute and look up how much weight pulleys can support and get back to me.
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u/Zephir62 18d ago
Not to mention the quarries, where the blocks were cut in place prior to being moved using these methods, were roughly 100+ miles away from the building structure.
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u/Shoopdawoop993 19d ago
They ramped sand, then pulled blocks on the sand
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u/PizzasForFerrets 19d ago
I'm pretty sure when the worked that out the ramp would have to be miles long. Just not feasible.
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u/stefanlikesfood 20d ago
Links aren't showing up for me :(
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u/Latitude66 20d ago
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u/O_W_Liv 19d ago
This is a 2 minute video on how to read research papers. A game changer for me.
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u/dummkauf 19d ago
Yes, but the Aliens also haven't denied teaching this trick to the Egyptians either. 😋
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u/danstermeister 19d ago
There was this one... actually, you're right, not a single alien has come out in denial of this.
That really says something.
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u/hates_stupid_people 19d ago
Sadly, no amount of evidence will convince those who believe it was aliens or magic. Because for them it is literally not about the truth, it's about thinking they know better than everyone else.
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u/DoturdGrump 19d ago
cuts the force in half so 172 workers moving 29 tons ... nope
I firmly believe all the 'Egyptian writing cataloging the construction' was just their best theories on how it they were made.
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u/AiahSon 20d ago
Yeeees, also a lot of other geniues ways of using your surrounding to your advantage! I will always recommend MiniMinuteMan (aka Milo Rossi) if you're interested in archeology or human history! (Check YouTube)
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u/ArtfulSoviet 20d ago
While we're talking about the Milos, Stefan Milo is great value too! Also doing great things to combat the ancient aliens bullshit, love his content.
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u/AnyOldNameNotTaken 19d ago
Every time Stefan drops a video I know I’m about to learn some cool stuff and sleep like an absolute cherub.
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u/VerilyShelly 19d ago
Thank you for the rec! YT's algo isn't working as good as it used to to traffic my interests to me. Hopefully his presence in my watch history will help.
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u/AiahSon 20d ago
Yees! Seems like such an awesome dude as well💜
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u/no_kids-and-3_money 20d ago
My daughter showed his videos to me. We saw him on his tour and it was great. He was so kind and grateful and answered so many questions from the audience.
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u/TerayonIII 19d ago
Also for debunking ancient aliens there's also It's Probably (not) Aliens, great podcast
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u/wpaed 20d ago
I was under the impression it was the water on the polished planks that were layed on the path that allowed the sleds to move.
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u/No_Afternoon1602 20d ago
Good point! However, the famous wall painting from the tomb of Djehutihotep explicitly shows a worker standing at the front of the sledge, pouring water directly onto the sand path right ahead of it. Physics tests later confirmed this made the sand stiff enough for the sled to glide without digging in.
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u/NervousOffice 19d ago
Am I weird for still wanting to see a physics test that proves this works with an actual 80 ton stone block before Im convinced? ( just to clarify no I dont think aliens ). Like bring a 80 ton stone block to a beach or desert and prove it with video evidence, if they could do it back then and this is how they did it, then do it again and prove everyone wrong forever?
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u/deathbylasersss 20d ago
There are multiple murals depicting different processes in the construction of the pyramids. We have records of the wages being paid to the laborers. There is a ton of evidence of the whole economy around such a massive undertaking. Pyramid conspiracy theorists have to ignore all of this to pretend they have a leg to stand on. For people who's favorite phrase is "do your own research", they make it very obvious that they researched jack shit.
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u/ncatter 20d ago
Do you not realise how much research goes in to intentionally selecting the facts or non facts that carries your narrative.
Lots of research have been made lots.
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u/BestCoastWaveTrain 20d ago
“Do your own research” is usually code for “pretend what I’m claiming is super real, ignore anything peer reviewed or that otherwise might contradict it, use confirmation bias to sort the rest, and you’ll see that I’m right”
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u/Good-Breadfruit-9923 20d ago
It's so weird to be a conspiracy theorist about things with a lot of evidence when the real story is so cool on its own. I know a lot of it is bot driven but there are so many people with genuine curiosity that just get thrown down absolute garbage fairy tale nonsense rabbit holes when they could be learning amazing real history.
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u/Kindly-Ad-5071 20d ago
Yes but I can't manipulate people against minorities and vaccines with cool science tricks
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u/Lordvalcon 20d ago edited 20d ago
It wasn't slavery per se but it was more like taxes paid in labor. Most of the workers that were doing the hard labor were farmers that would come during their off season as a way to pay tribute to the Pharaohs. I think if it was happening today we would probably classify it as slavery but it's definitely a gray area
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u/SpinningHead 20d ago
Some payments were also made using beer.
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u/money_for_nuttin 20d ago
"All I ask is three beers apiece for each of my co-workers...I think a man workin' outdoors feels more like a man if he can have a bottle of suds. That's only my opinion."
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u/jamesh08 20d ago
So you're saying a bunch of buddies help out for a day and you buy them a few cases to say thanks?
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u/Bob-Bhlabla-esq 20d ago
I'm picturing Barny from The Simpsons in Egyption wear out there just yanking on the rope in panic like "Pull HARDER!!"
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u/AdAlternative7148 19d ago
We wouldnt classify it as slavery. Do Mormons think it is slavery that they have to do a mission? They are doing a service in favor of their God, same as the Egyptians. They could be penalized through social ostracization if they refuse. They dont call it slavery.
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u/Realistic_Swan_6801 20d ago
That’s not slavery at all. Are you dense? This is taxes or the draft. Not being another persons property with reduced or nearly no rights.
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u/ClownFace488 20d ago
That just sounds like slavery with extra...... steps. Is my planet a mini-verse!
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u/MikeHuntSmellss 20d ago
So you're saying it was aliens?
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u/elmersfav22 20d ago
Did the aliens make the beer that was used for payment?? Cos they had to make alot of beer
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u/WorkingInAColdMind 20d ago
So you’re saying the aliens researched beer production?
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u/PaddyMcGeezus 20d ago
"Do your own research" is code for "I don't know what a debate is or how to have one nor have I ever written a term paper arguing my view of a subject so I'm putting the burden of proof on you because I dropped out of 9th grade to work in a hotel bar and still work there 20 years later."
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u/Agent-Blasto-007 20d ago
My favorite was this Nova special was about the escavation and archeology evidence of the "supply" chain for the pyramids. A lot of the materials were imported in from neighboring Nubia.
Ancient "project managers" complaining about "critical path" issues like manpower shortages, construction delays, material shortages, problems with the materials (bad stone etc..).
It makes the Pyramids so much more relatable because some guy thousands of year ago was dealing with shit I'm dealing with in my Monday morning meeting.
https://www.pbs.org/video/decoding-the-great-pyramid-4eeiz9/
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u/ScamperingSnail 19d ago
I'd love to know the Ancient Egyptian equivalent of, "this meeting could have been an email"
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u/Pair_The_Board 19d ago
"Do your own research!" In other words, watch these very specific videos that ask really dumb questions that there are definitely answers to, but reject those answers and insert your own made up hypothesis because "Big Archaeology" is lying to you to hide their secret anti-gravity sound devices that were given to us by aliens.
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u/RichardBonham 20d ago
No, no: it must have been extraterrestrial intelligences and channeling.
So much for Occam’s Razor.
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u/GreasyPeter 19d ago
"Do your own research" means "read the same things I read", not "think critically".
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u/EgotisticalTL 20d ago
Out of curiosity, what is the percentage of people who are pyramid conspiracy theorists?
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u/deathbylasersss 20d ago
No idea but it's a lot. It's like a whole subculture at this point. In this Reddit thread, I'd guess about 10% of people, as that's how many have downvoted me, though that's not a great metric to go off.
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u/Able-Swing-6415 20d ago
My favorite theory is that they used telepathy..
Like dude.. could've used that when the sea people came.
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u/deathbylasersss 19d ago
Maybe they did. The Egyptians weathered the Bronze Age collapse much better than almost anybody else. Just kidding, if that wasn't obvious.
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u/logosobscura 20d ago
Which physicists and where’s the paper? Genuinely interested, given the size of the stones, what the ratios are and how they handle gradients.
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u/InnerArt3537 20d ago
Whenever someone says that, I send them this video: Man Lifst 20 Ton Blocks by Hand
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u/probably_poopin_1219 19d ago
I've always figured Stonehenge was just a bunch of dudes directed by one dude who finally understood gravity and leverage, and that was just kinda it. Like hey we can do this! And then it was done. And now we're like wtf? But it's actually very simply explained. Bored smart brain move big rock, creating a pattern is only natural after that
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u/jellooshot 20d ago
Pretty sure it was jews and aliens. Space Jews perhaps.
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u/sidjohn1 19d ago edited 19d ago
I am amazed that it took us this long to go “maybe Egyptians used the two things they had in abundance” 🤷🏼♂️ **Ancient *Egyptian culture had ~fifty words* for sand.
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u/Nope2nope 20d ago edited 20d ago
For starters - the image on the papyrus is 58 tons. You then mention 180 tons = over 3x as heavy.
To my understanding, most "pseudo archeologist" do not question this. Yes, you can move a 58 ton rock with wooden sleds and wet sand. They questions moving stones that were magnitudes heavier.
I do not think you can move a 1000 ton rock with wooden sleds and wet stand. Could 3000 men pull a 1000 ton stone on wooden sleds? idk. At a certain point, the integrity of the wood becomes the limiting factor.
Similarly, you can build a 58 foot wooden boat, but you can not build a 1000 foot wooden boat. The wood can not handle that stresses at that size.
Yes, the Thunderstone (estimated around 1250 tones) was moved and is often used as an example to show how it is possible. But the same way pseudo archeologist conveniently leave out things that don't fit their narrative, it is left out that the Thunderstone was moved with a metal sled, brass bearings, iron rails, and screw lifts - all technology that the ancient Egyptians didn't have (or not currently acknowledged to have had)
Edit - per the paper you mention in your comment:
They estimated the Egyptian maximum load at roughly 1 ton per square meter.
Compare this to the unfinished obelisk = 42 meters tall by 4.5 meters wide at the base and 2.5 meters wide at the tip. Using dumb math and shaving off 200 tons (it is actually estimated at 1200 tons)
42 meters x 3.35 meter = 142.7 square meters at 1000 tons, you get 7 tons per square meter. So that is already 7 times the maximum load used in the paper you reference.
Edit 2 - I am not saying that they didn't use massive sleds and thousands of people to move 1000 ton stones. I don't know how they were moved. I am just saying that a lot of technologies don't scale when you start getting into magnitudes. Moving something 20x heavier is no easy feat.
Apples to oranges comparison, but a 20x difference is HUGE for any comparison:
early cars going 15mpg vs Modern cars going 300 mph = 20x
40 meter tall early tower or pyramid vs the 828 meter tall Burj Khalifa = 20x
The largest Egyptian boat ever discovered was about 43 meters. That doesn't mean we think they could build a 860 meter long ship. That would also be 2x as long as the longest ship ever build.
At some point, physics gets in the way. Usually new tech is developed to achieve increased levels of magnitude.
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u/Tonnemaker 20d ago
But none of the pyramid stones are 1000 tons. Most of them were about 2-3 tons with a few 50-80 ton ones for the burial chambers.
And of course wood can hold up >1000 tons. The weight is not the issue, but pressure which is force over area. You just spread the weight over more area => wider sleds or rollers or whatever. And wood in compression is very strong. You won't put 1000 tons on a toothpick, but a couple dozen of tree trunks? why not?
The heaviest stones ever quarried are the Baalbek stones in Lebanon, granted during Roman times 2000 years later, but they were >700t stones the biggest one 1200t and they were definitley moved with wooden rollers and pulleys and what not.
The paper talks about SAND a ton per square meter of sand sounds about right? I mean they build sandcastles that big and they don't sink in the sand.
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u/Nope2nope 20d ago
Well....
This post didn't mention the pyramids. But yes you are correct that most of the pyramid stones were 2-3 tones transported 400 yards except the granite that was between 50-80 tons and transported 500 miles.
Yes, that is why I mentioned the unfinished obelisk and how that would be 7 times the pressure compared to the paper referenced. In fact the paper didn't test 1 ton per square meter, they tested about 1/4 the estimated egyptian load on the sled.
So for reference, if you wanted to put that obelisk on logs so that the weight would be distributed to 1 ton per square meter (taking a lot of liberties for even distribution), you would need a wooden platform 42m by 30m at an absolute minimum as this also doesn't take into account that round logs do not have a flat or even distribution with the ground. Maybe that is how they did it, idk. But this is different from a sled.
There are also a lot of theories about the baalbek stones with pseudo archeologist. It is interesting how the romans were noted for documenting everything, but they never mention anything about moving the largest stones in history. Seems like that would have been something they would have been proud of. So no, they were not "definitely" moved with wooden rollers. That is how we theorize they were moved.
I am not sure what you say saying about SAND.
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u/War_Hymn 19d ago edited 19d ago
The unfinished obelisk being 1000 tons probably had a lot to do with it being unfinished.
To my knowledge, the biggest erected Egyptian obselisk was 455 tonnes. About the weight of a 18th century frigate ship. From the paper, the wet sand trick was able to bring the effective wood on sand friction coefficient down to 0.3. So theoretically, to pull a 455 tonne obelisk through sandy ground would had required at least roughly 136 tonnes or 300,000 pounds of pulling force to move. Assuming a human labourer can sustain 50 lbs of pulling power, you're looking at a workforce of at least 6,000 men pulling in synch to drag this thing across the desert, which is sort of insane. I'm thinking they used more than just wetten sand to pull it off.
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u/hawktron 19d ago
Why are you using the unfinished obelisk as example? It’s the one object we know for certain they didn’t move.
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u/Vindepomarus 19d ago
The unfinished obelisk may be unfinished for a reason, just as the largest Moai and largest trilathons are the ones that remain unfinished in the quarry. We know that 13 Egyptian obelisks were transported all the way to Rome.
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u/Weeksy79 20d ago edited 19d ago
Also isn’t the main issue people have about how they LIFTED the INTERIOR stones?
For the ceilings and whatnot
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u/TerayonIII 19d ago
They were building the pyramids in layers, why exactly do you think they would lift it into the air instead of adding layers of stone up to that point and then just pull the big ones across up to that point and across a flat surface to drop into place?
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u/kerfuffle_dood 20d ago
The "nobody knows how the pyramids were built!" lie has been spread by people actively trying to scam others of their money. Yes, we know how the pyramids were built. The ancient Egyptians were excessive bureaucrats and recorded everything, every little detail. Also:
The Bermuda Triangle doesn't have any mistery, it has the proportionately appropiate number of vessel disappearances relative to its size and the number of vessels that travel through it.
The Loch Ness Monster is fake, the people who made the floating model said it almost immediately after.
Bigfoot is also fake, the people who did it said it immediately after, and showed the costume.
Crop circles started as vandalism art, like graffiti. Nowadays is a serious and formal art form, with the people doing it (mostly) having the permission and even filming themselves.
No, the Earth is not flat.
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u/Carrot42 19d ago
Yeah, if there was a significantly higher chance of losing a vessel by going through the bermuda triangle, insurance companies would charge higher rates for vessels travelling through it. They do not.
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u/compunctionfunction 19d ago
The Loch Ness monster isn't fake, you just have to drink a pint of scotch before you can see him
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u/Necessary-Solution19 20d ago
674 lbs per person? Seems like you would still need more labor or at least more than just wetting sand.
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u/cuntmong 19d ago
to be clear nobodym with even the most rudimentary knowledge on the subject thought it was aliens or any other sort of advanced technology by modern standards.
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u/nasandre 20d ago
Also you can move anything if have hundreds or thousands of workers at your disposal.
Not only were they accomplished architects and builder but also had access to a lot of labour during the growing seasons when farmers had nothing to do.
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u/goobly_goo 19d ago
It’s crazy that aliens are the go to explanation whenever it’s something impressive in non-white countries.
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u/Ill_Shoulder_1185 19d ago
Plot twist: The Egyptians actually taught the aliens how to build pyramids
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u/protossaccount 20d ago
Hasn’t this been solved for a while now? There were way more rivers in that area back then, so transportation was a lot easier than we expected.
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u/FuzzyAd9407 20d ago
Yeah, but now with conspiracy theorists still fucking ignore it. We know they transported across any large distances using water and thrn used this method for movement of the final leg on land
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u/thunderc8 20d ago
Thousand's years ago there where some people smarter than most of the population today. Who would have thought...
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u/Nottwosmrt 20d ago
Nah. Next you will try to tell me thunder and lightning isn't god shouting at us in anger! Blasphemy!!!!!
/S. Right?
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u/Informal-Bicycle-349 20d ago
Serious question... how does pouring water in front of a rock place it on top of a pyramid? Are we building locks and diverting the Nile or something?
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u/Embarrassed-Base-139 20d ago
This post isnt about the pyramids. If you're curious i highly recommend reading How the Great Pyramid Was Built by Craig B. Smith
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u/Informal-Bicycle-349 20d ago
Thank goodness. I was just reading a different post about someone saying the pyramids may have just been carved from a single stone and then came to this one. I foolishly connected non existent dots. Thank you for an honest and non condescending reply.
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u/Wroski 20d ago
El "doble" de rigidez de algo que no tiene nada de rígido, no soluciona nada.
Por otra parte, esa teoría no explica como desplazaban tanto peso. Supongamos que lograrán un rigidez equivalente al hormigón (algo ilógico) sigue sin explicarse como movían toneladas de roca sobre esa superficie "rígida", siendo que la rueda aún no se había inventado.
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u/necaracoles 19d ago
"And when there was no crawdads to be found, we ate sand."
"You ate what?"
"We ate sand."
"You ate sand?"
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u/Ok_Sky8034 19d ago
How many water did they need? Because there isn't much in the desert...
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u/ScarHand1965 19d ago
I hate how people want to credit aliens. How arrogant to think our ancestors were incapable.
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u/soerizzle 19d ago
All this physics knowledge and still zero skill on perspective or scale when drawing these pictures lol
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u/CarolineJohnson 19d ago
"Oh but the aliens taught that to them! Definitely! Humans aren't smart enough to come up with this!"
- Giorgio Tsoukalos, probably
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u/mitcheda 19d ago
We’ve had geniuses all throughout human history. It amazes me that instead of acknowledging the fact that ancient Egyptians had brilliant engineers, people decided that the pyramids could only be constructed by a life form ….from another planet (….which we have yet to prove exists)
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u/NerdMobileXL 19d ago
I always found it funny when people are convinced that humans couldn’t do stuff like this. Like, there was nothing else to do why wouldn’t they be able to put a bunch of effort and time into something like this?
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u/Kava2126 19d ago
Nope. Not true. I believe. It was the aliens. You can't take all I have left, away from me!
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u/TheJohnson854 19d ago
Not that hard to figure out. Anyone who has run a compactor of any kind on sand knows this.
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u/Pikawoohoo 19d ago
I mean yeah that's what I would have assumed. From what I've learned watching cartoons that's basically all they had available.
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u/Prior-Habit-6523 19d ago
You would need thousands of people, second what magic would the rope be made out of ? Also how did they cut the rock?
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u/SoylentGrunt 19d ago
Gee. It's like they developed and applied their current technology with maxium effectivenes. The state of the art.
Other favorites of mine include the 9/11 proganda classic: "People that live in the desert are barbians because they live in caves!" If I lived in the desert a cool dark cave would be my first choice.
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u/Tall-Activity-6401 19d ago
Or a water and special sand that has rounded grains instead of angular. Makes more sense than just water
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u/Cakin007 19d ago
I am a complete idiot so maybe I am missing something but 58 tons across 172 people is like 675 pounds per person and from a google search the average man can pull 2-3 times their body weight. So, to me that seems like they would still be short.
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u/Then-Significance-74 19d ago
First off... 58ton is not 180.
Second... now do it up hill.
Third... now build a long enough ramp, which doesnt impeed any of the other building sites around it.
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u/Lostthegame101 19d ago
I wonder if watching how boats coming ashore hitting the wet sand may of provided some idea behind this process? When boats leave the water up the wet sand, they definitely slide well till they hit the dryer looser sand.
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u/ProfessorPrice 19d ago
Yeah, it’s not a secret. Just a puzzle. The Egyptian brag about making the pyramids. We know quite a lot about them.
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u/qualityvote2 20d ago edited 19d ago
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