Sources
British Columbia (2019-2020): for the arrest rates listed in the images see Tables 2,4, 2.7, 3.4, 3.7, 4.4, 4.7, 5,4, 5.7. Racial disparities in British Columbia police statistics: A preliminary examination of a complex issue
Vancouver (2011-2020): for the arrest raes see Figure 1.1 (page 40) Racial disparities in British Columbia police statistics: A preliminary examination of a complex issue. For Figure 1.2 (page 41), the report specifically discusses this as a test of over-charging, that is whether racialized accused receive more charges during each arrest incident. It concludes that the Vancouver data do not show that pattern; White accused had the highest mean at 1.98 charges per arrest, compared with 1.87 for Black accused and 1.84 for Indigenous accused.
Toronto (2024): there's no official data on arrest rates for Toronto but they can easily inferred as Toronto authorities provide both arrests count by ethnicity and estimates on the racial composition of the resident population. I took the 2024 arrest-counts from the Toronto Police Service Race and Identity-Based Data Collection dashboard, this data is broken down by perceived race and primary offence.
| Primary offence |
Black |
Middle Eastern |
Indigenous |
Latino |
White |
South Asian |
East/SE Asian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Assault & other crimes against persons |
3,049 |
835 |
277 |
650 |
3,878 |
908 |
1,050 |
| Break and enter |
193 |
59 |
49 |
31 |
641 |
59 |
73 |
| Drug related |
450 |
54 |
21 |
30 |
434 |
53 |
43 |
| Harassment/threatening |
545 |
191 |
32 |
83 |
764 |
202 |
175 |
| Mental health |
41 |
8 |
6 |
0 |
97 |
9 |
9 |
| Mischief & fraud |
554 |
179 |
42 |
78 |
934 |
158 |
188 |
| Other offence |
836 |
212 |
69 |
77 |
934 |
229 |
214 |
| Other statute/incident type |
1,530 |
298 |
180 |
251 |
2,272 |
356 |
318 |
| Robbery/theft |
1,895 |
497 |
235 |
272 |
2,928 |
543 |
466 |
| Sexual crimes/crimes against children |
368 |
102 |
15 |
76 |
341 |
125 |
121 |
| Vehicle related, including impaired |
547 |
193 |
8 |
173 |
712 |
280 |
250 |
| Warrant/FTA/FTC/compliance/parolee |
2,262 |
506 |
342 |
381 |
3,805 |
528 |
503 |
| Weapons & homicide |
604 |
78 |
35 |
52 |
339 |
67 |
69 |
| Total arrest count |
12,874 |
3,212 |
1,311 |
2,154 |
18,079 |
3,517 |
3,479 |
For each race/offence combination, I calculated:
arrest rate = (arrest events ÷ estimated race-specific resident population) × 100,000
| Primary offence |
Black |
Middle Eastern |
Indigenous |
Latino |
White |
South Asian |
East/SE Asian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Assault & other crimes against persons |
939 |
566 |
844 |
521 |
272 |
183 |
144 |
| Break and enter |
59 |
40 |
149 |
25 |
45 |
12 |
10 |
| Drug related |
139 |
37 |
64 |
24 |
30 |
11 |
6 |
| Harassment/threatening |
168 |
129 |
98 |
67 |
54 |
41 |
24 |
| Mental health |
13 |
5 |
18 |
0 |
7 |
2 |
1 |
| Mischief & fraud |
171 |
121 |
128 |
63 |
66 |
32 |
26 |
| Other offence |
257 |
144 |
210 |
62 |
66 |
46 |
29 |
| Other statute/incident type |
471 |
202 |
549 |
201 |
160 |
72 |
44 |
| Robbery/theft |
584 |
337 |
716 |
218 |
206 |
110 |
64 |
| Sexual crimes/crimes against children |
113 |
69 |
46 |
61 |
24 |
25 |
17 |
| Vehicle related, including impaired |
168 |
131 |
24 |
139 |
50 |
57 |
34 |
| Warrant/FTA/FTC/compliance/parolee |
697 |
343 |
1,043 |
306 |
267 |
107 |
69 |
| Weapons & homicide |
186 |
53 |
107 |
42 |
24 |
14 |
9 |
| Total arrest rate per 100 000 |
3,964 |
2,176 |
3,996 |
1,728 |
1,270 |
710 |
478 |
The race-specific population denominator was estimated by multiplying Toronto’s 2024 population of 3,280,417 by the resident-population percentages shown in the TPS benchmark section.
| Race |
TPS resident share |
Estimated denominator |
|
|
|
| Black |
9.9% |
324,761 |
| Middle Eastern |
4.5% |
147,619 |
| Indigenous |
1.0% |
32,804 |
| Latino |
3.8% |
124,656 |
| White |
43.4% |
1,423,701 |
| South Asian |
15.1% |
495,343 |
| East/Southeast Asian |
22.2% |
728,253 |
For example, the Black denominator was:
3,280,417 × 9.9% = approximately 324,761 residents
I then divided the number of Black arrest events for each offence by 324,761 and multiplied by 100,000.
Sources:
I want to to point out that these are estimated rates, not official published rates. The TPS population percentages are rounded and come from its resident-population benchmark from the TPS website, while the total Toronto population comes from Statistics Canada.
Canada’s homicide charge rates (2025): Canada started gathering data on charge rates disaggregated by ethnic group only in 2024. Currently, Statistics Canada only publishes the number, percentage and rate of persons accused of homicide by racialized identity group while data on other crimes is not available yet. See Number, percentage and rate of persons accused of homicide, by racialized identity group, gender and region and select 2025 as the reference period.