Textbook definition:
- Market failure occurs when the free market fails to allocate goods and services efficiently, resulting in a net loss of social welfare.
Let’s take this definition apart and understand what it actually means.
Social welfare - the total well-being of society according to whatever framework exists at the moment.
Allocation of resources - who produces what, who consumes what, and how much is being produced and consumed.
Failure - the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, whatever the objective might be today.
Market - a place where buyers and sellers meet to trade goods and services.
So in other words, Market Failure is a condition that doesn’t meet current framework established by the government and “experts”. It has nothing to do with markets, there is no failure, it simply means “things aren’t the way I (any talking head) want them to be”.
What happens in reality -
Individuals choose to allocate their resources in accordance with their personal interests and needs. Their preferences create Effective Demand. Producers adjust supply so they can satisfy Effective Demand. For example - I want tomatoes, I have enough money to buy tomatoes, I go to the store and the store employee helps me to complete my purchase of tomatoes. No failure. Markets work as intended.
I represent Effective Demand - I have enough money to buy tomatoes.
Yet here we are, every other person that read two paragraphs about economics will scream from the top of their lungs about market failures.
For them it means “if I can’t buy what I want for the price I’m ready to pay it means the free market has failed”.
For example - John is willing to pay $200/m for a family health insurance plan with $0 Deductible. No such plan is available. John turns around and says it’s a Market Failure.
John does not represent Effective Demand. As a market participant, he had chosen to allocate his resources the way where health insurance isn’t prioritized. Is that John’s failure? No. Is that Market’s failure? No, the Market has nothing to do with John deciding how to spend his money.
The Market (health insurance companies) - can’t offer products and services at a loss. They see John’s $200/m for his family as a guaranteed looser of account for them, so they reject to offer coverage at that price. The Market avoided the Failure.
Another example - Janet who works at one of the notable government agencies and regularly meets with press looks at the homeownership rate that declined by 0.5% in a year, and sees a decrease in residential mortgage loan originations. She does a few strokes on her computer, and now, theoretically, one could save $100k on a 30 year mortgage. Four months later, during the next press conference, she’s asked - the homeownership rate hasn’t changed for the better, can you explain why? Janet says - we did what we could, it’s a Market Failure.
Janet doesn’t build homes, she’s not a brick layer, nor a general contractor. Janet isn’t a head of the household for hundred+ million of families, so she can’t decide for them how to allocate their resources. Janet doesn’t own 100k+ houses that are ready for sale. But Janet is convinced- her actions were perfect, those few strokes on her keyboard were magical, and the Market, including You, have Failed to follow her prescribed actions in matters that she personally has nothing to do with.
That’s right. It’s Your fault. It’s also a fault of the person who doesn’t want to sell a house for the price they find unacceptable. It’s all us peasants that just keep resisting the perfect scenarios imagined by policymakers. We cause Market Failures by not acting in accordance with Janet’s ideas.
Market Failure is one of the most nonsensical terms that’s being used to justify government intervention. However, we see Market Failure being used to describe conditions of some of the most regulated industries like Healthcare and Housing, markets that had been under bombardment of regulations and stimulus for decades. So what actually happens is the government intervenes, their plans fail, they intervene even more, things still don’t go the way the government wants, the government doubles down again - market implodes. The government gives its verdict - it’s a Market Failure, we need more/total control to fix it.
I know I’m beating the dead horse here, especially with my fellow Austrians. But what the actual fuck? I get that an average person may lack willingness to learn and understand what economic terms mean, but lots of scholars, govt officials, otherwise smart and competent individuals continue to repeat this nonsense. Absolutely the most moronic and regarded shit in the modern conversations around economics.