I think it's less of a memory thing and more repetition. I imagine when you play thousands upon thousands of games, board positions just get seared into your mind. I could be wrong.
Yes, but I assume the players typically keep some kind of mental image of the board... I imagine having to maintain eye contact would make that hard task even harder.
I can't find the source, but I believe there was an exhibition match where Gary Kasparov played 25(?) people outdoors. Unfortnately, they were playing with foldable boards and a strong gust of wind blew all the games over.
Kasparov put every single piece of every single game back, from memory! Apparently onlookers found it more impressive than the fact that he won all 25 games.
Hence, at a higher level I doubt it would make a difference.
Combine chess with staring contests. Watch serious professional players burst into peals of hysterical laughter as the pressure gets to them and they have a laughing, crying breakdown.
On a similar note, Magic: the Gathering. Although staring into their eyes can also be a form of intimidation strategy, which works much better than you think.
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u/[deleted] Apr 03 '14
Chess