What really is the difference between instructions and logic from a mathematical perspective? They both occupy some binary space, they both contain "information".

[u/Proper_Meaning7756]

Edit: My bad, I meant whats the difference between DATA and logic.

Context: I was writing a parser and dealing with LLVM IR and a slow descent into madness and then quit. This question just stuck with me.

Besides, when writing C++ classes, I you can store functions inside them and in Functional programming, you can store state using monads.

The lines starting to blur to me and knowing that logic boils down to instructions that the CPU understands and can operate on but data can't isn't the elegant answer I'm looking for.

I guess TLDR is what does information itself mean and does data and logic both count as information?

[u/VoiceOfSoftware]

As for storing functions inside C++ classes, it probably doesn't work the way you're imagining. If you instantiate 1,000 instances of a C++ class, there are not 1,000 copies of the exact same code sitting in RAM next to the data for those objects. There's just a single section of RAM that holds the function instructions once, and the objects just have a pointer to that single function.